7 research outputs found

    Projekt: Uniwersytet PAN

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    Among the scientific institutions in Poland, the institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences possess top-ranking research potential. In the years 2013-2016, for instance, 19.7% of all research articles published in the most prestigious research journals for each particular field (the top 10% of the list of journals for each field, ranked by impact factor) by authors affiliated with Polish institutions came from the institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences – this is far the best such percentage among all Polish academic institutions. The staff members at the PAS institutes are engaged not only in research, but also in teaching: as of 31 December 2016, there were 1607 individuals in regular PhD programs at the PAS institutes. Moreover, the degree of internationalization (8%) of these programs at the PAS institutes is the highest among all Polish higher-education institutions. These and other factors are seen as providing justification for the plan to pull together the potential of the PAS institutes in order to create a new higher-education institution, to be called the University of the Polish Academy of Sciences (UPAS), meant to become Poland’s first-ever research university. Plans call for UPAS to ultimately have a total of 2500 students studying in its programs, predominantly third-cycle (PhD-level) programs. Such a number will enable each student to be ensured individual supervision by top-notch researchers. It will also allow innovative teaching programs to be developed and tested in keeping with the new trends of the Internet era and e-learning, through online course offerings and through inter- and cross-disciplinary studies. Under this plan, UPAS stands a real chance of becoming a proud showpiece of Polish science and higher education: holding open, international competitions for various long-term positions as visiting professors, post-doc researchers, and PhD candidates will help further bolster the degree of internationalization among both the staff and students of UPAS, bringing it up to the level that characterizes the world’s best higher-education institutions. Given the size of Poland’s budget for science and higher education, attaining such a degree of internationalization in the near future will only be financially feasible for a university as small as UPAS. The above measures will also have a quality-boosting impact on the PAS institutes themselves, significantly improving their level. After several years, UPAS will stand a real chance of attaining very good standing in international rankings of the world’s higher education institutions, among the top 200 or even top 100 in the world. We should stress clearly: for this to happen, the funding for research at PAS institutes will need to be maintained on at least the same level as at present, the network of PAS institutes will need to be made more flexible, incorporating mechanisms generating significant synergy between the institutes (with UPAS as the common objective), and the project will need to be supported by a long-term program of internationalization of staff and students.Instytuty Polskiej Akademii Nauk mają wśród polskich instytucji naukowych czołowy potencjał merytoryczny. W instytutach PAN w latach 2013-2016 powstało 19,7% prac afiliowanych w polskich instytucjach i umieszczonych w najbardziej prestiżowych pismach naukowych danych dziedzin (górne 10% z list pism danej dziedziny nauki uszeregowanych według rosnącego współczynnika wpływu, IF). Jest to najlepszy wynik wśród polskich instytucji akademickich. Kadra instytutów PAN zajmuje się nie tylko badaniami, ale też dydaktyką; 1607 osób (stan na 31 grudnia 2016) było na stacjonarnych studiach doktoranckich w Instytutach PAN. Stopień umiędzynarodowienia studiów w PAN (8%) jest największy wśród polskich uczelni. W związku z tym uzasadnione wydaje się powołanie Uniwersytetu PAN (UPAN), który mógłby stać się pierwszą w Polsce uczelnią badawczą. Planuje się, że docelowo kształciłoby się na nim 2,5 tys. osób, w przeważającej części studentek i studentów III stopnia. Taka liczba pozwoli na zagwarantowanie indywidualnej merytorycznej opieki każdemu studentowi, a także na wprowadzenie i przetestowanie nowatorskich programów dydaktycznych, właściwych erze Internetu i e-learningu, prowadzenia studiów online poprzez courser, studiów inter- i crossdyscyplinarnych. UPAN ma realne szanse stać się wizytówką polskiej nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego, gdyż otwarte, międzynarodowe wieloletnie programy konkursowe na pozycje: wizytujących profesorów, stażystów podoktorskich i doktorantów mogą podnieść umiędzynarodowienie zarówno kadry, jak i studentów UPAN do poziomu właściwego najlepszym uczelniom świata. Z uwagi na wielkość naszego budżetu nauki i szkolnictwa wyższego osiągnięcie takiego umiędzynarodowienia jest finansowo realne w najbliższym czasie tylko dla uczelni tak małej jak UPAN. Opisane działania będą projakościowe także dla samych instytutów PAN i istotnie podniosą ich poziom merytoryczny. Po kilku latach UPAN ma realne szanse na uplasowanie się w międzynarodowych rankingach na bardzo dobrych pozycjach, w pierwszej dwusetce, a nawet w pierwszej setce najlepszych światowych uczelni. Należy podkreślić, że warunkiem tego jest zapewnienie finansowania badań w instytutach PAN na co najmniej takim jak obecnie poziomie, uelastycznienie ich sieci, wytworzenie mechanizmów synergii pomiędzy instytutami (wspólny cel – UPAN) oraz wsparcie tego projektu długoletnim programem umiędzynarodowienia kadry i studentów

    Pandemic chronicles 2020-2021

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    Kroniki pandemii to zbiór 27 stanowisk opublikowanych przez interdyscyplinarny Zespół doradczy ds. COVID-19 przy Prezesie Polskiej Akademii Nauk, działający od lipca 2020 roku. Jest to już drugie po Zrozumieć COVID-19 obszerniejsze opracowanie naszego zespołu porządkujące wiadomości dotyczące wirusa SARS-CoV-2 i powodowanej przez niego choroby COVID-19. Wydane we wrześniu 2020 roku Zrozumieć COVID-19 miało na celu podsumowanie przebiegu pierwszych miesięcy pandemii i przygotowanie społeczeństwa w Polsce do ciężkiego sezonu jesienno-zimowego 2020/2021. Niniejsze opracowanie powstaje po dwóch latach trwania pandemii, która rozpoczęła się w Wuhan w grudniu 2019 roku. Mamy nadzieję, że dzięki na bieżąco tworzonym tekstom raportującym przebieg pandemii i dylematy, przed którymi stawało społeczeństwo, w przypadku kolejnych podobnych wyzwań skorzystamy z tych trudnych i ważnych doświadczeń

    Effect of the alkaline reactivity process of aggregates on concrete and reinforced concrete engineering structures

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    Najczęściej stosowanym kruszywem do betonów używanych w konstrukcjach inżynierskich jest kruszywo pochodzenia magmowego: granitowe i bazaltowe oraz kruszywo naturalne (żwiry i piaski). Jednak coraz częściej, m.in. ze względów ekonomicznych i logistycznych stosuje się inne rodzaje kruszyw, m.in. pochodzenia metamorficznego (amfibolitowe), węglanowego (dolomitowe i wapienne) oraz kruszywa sztuczne. Jednym z kryteriów klasyfikujących kruszywo do zastosowania do betonu jest zawartość minerałów potencjalnie reaktywnych, do których należą m.in. chalcedon, opal, trydymit, mikrokrystaliczny/kryptokrystaliczny kwarc oraz kwarc w stanie naprężeń, tzw. highly-strained quartz. W artykule przedstawiono metody badawcze stosowane do oznaczenia potencjalnej reaktywności alkalicznej kruszyw w Polsce oraz efekty badań reaktywności alkalicznej żwirów czwartorzędowych, które poddano starannej analizie w mikroskopie skaningowym, zwracając szczególną uwagę na procesy zachodzące pomiędzy reaktywnymi minerałami (chalcedon, opal, trydymit, mikrokrystaliczny/kryptokrystaliczny kwarc oraz kwarc w stanie naprężeń, tzw. highly-strained quartz) a alkaliami występującymi w cemencie.The most commonly used aggregate in concrete construction and paving has natural aggregates (gravel and sand) and the aggregate magmatic origin: granite and basalt. However, more often, such as due to logistical and economical use different types of aggregates, eg, metamorphic origin (amphibolite), carbonate (dolomite and limestone) and artificial aggregates. One of the criteria for classifying the aggregates for use in concrete is potentially reactive mineral content, which include inter alia chalcedony, opal, tridymite, microcrystalline /cryptocrystalline Quartz and highly-strained quartz. The article presents the research methods used to determine the potential alkaline reactivity of aggregates in Poland and the results of the alkaline reactivity tests of quaternary gravels, which were carefully analyzed in a scanning microscope, paying particular attention to the processes taking place between reactive minerals (chalcedony, opal, trydymite, microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline quartz and highly-strained quartz) and alkali present in the cement

    Resistance to polishing of road surface aggregates obtained from igneous and metamorphic rocks

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    The paper deals with aggregates produced from igneous and metamorphic rocks to indicate their specificity related to the possibility of using as high-value aggregates for road construction, taking into account the skid resistance. The skid resistance of the road surface is a result of its microtexture and macrotexture. Among the aggregate characteristics that can be measured in the laboratory is the polishing resistance of PSV, which can be related to the microtexture. The current regulations on skid resistance define the required PSV values of aggregates and aggregate mixtures for asphalt and cement pavements. Aggregates made of igneous and metamorphic rocks are characterized by high compressive strength and are the basic aggregates for road surfaces. Attention was paid to the influence of petrographic features related to the type and structure of the rock, as well as the degree of crystallization of components, size and proportion of rock-forming components. This is illustrated by exemplary igneous and metamorphic rocks. Research on the PSV polishing resistance of aggregates from igneous and metamorphic rocks was carried out at the Road and Bridge Research Institute - Branch Wrocław (IBDiM)

    Identification and adaptation of coaly shales with pyrite for use in road construction

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    Coaly shale is a full-fledged aggregate for road construction, which can be obtained through proper control and processing, meeting the performance characteristics for the application in the construction of embankments. In Poland, from current pro¬duction and resources at landfills, coaly shale with a pyrite content above 1% is a great potential for road construction. It requires adaptation, including on eliminating the possibility of bacteria decomposing this pyrite or its neutralization using limestone materials. At the same time, taking into account the weaknesses of coaly shale landfills (in terms of self-ignition and decomposition), the type of coaly shale and pyrite raw material can be identified as ways of using aggregates from these raw materials for the construction of embankments in the appropriate construction technology

    Assessment of granite aggregates applied to concrete in respect of the occurrence of potential alkaline reactivity

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    The study deals with granite aggregates of various fractions, originating from Polish and foreign deposits, used for concrete in communication engineering. The article discusses the issue of cement reaction with granite aggregate during exposure under specific climatic conditions and how it affects the durability of concrete structures. Granite aggregates were used to prepare concrete beams that were subjected to research analysis according to PN-EN and ASTM. Particular attention was paid to processes occurring between reactive minerals (including chalcedony, opal, tridimite, and highly-strained quartz) and the alkalis present in cement. Research methods and results of alkaline reactivity tests on granite aggregate trabecula are presented. They were carried out at the Concre¬te and Aggregate Division of the Road and Bridge Research Institute - Wroclaw Branch. The paper also presents the analysis of research results and criteria to which potentially reactive aggregates are subject

    Research University, namely…

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    With this paper we try to contribute to the debate on the nature of research intensive universities and the chances to create this type of institution in Poland. Research universities are presented as elite, flagship institutions for educating students mostly at the doctoral level and to produce the bulk of the research output. Examples of world-class research intensive universities from various countries are presented. It is shown that intensified competition among universities exists to prove their performance through global university league tables or ranking exercises and it is discussed whether Poland is at the stage to create at least one such institution playing important role in that competition. We argue that the establishment of a University of the Polish Academy of Sciences could be a solution. This University stands to become a unique research institution in Poland and one of very few establishments of its type in Central and Eastern Europe. The University will conduct scientific research and provide programs of the highest standard, exploiting the research and teaching potential of the PAS institutes as well as the competence and experience of members of the Academy's corporation. It is intended as a higher education institution with a decentralized organizational structure, based on the PAS research institutes. The University of the Polish Academy of Sciences will have a quality-boosting impact on the PAS institutes as well as initiate their consolidation and reorganization in the field of teaching.
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