Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Lengkuas (Alpinia Galanga) Terhadap Gambaran Histologik Payudara Mencit (Mus Musculus) Yang Diinduksi Benzo(a)pyrene

: Galangal (Alpinia galanga) is one of the plants that is often used for cancer therapy. Galangal contains different active ingredients, one of which is 1 'acetoxy chavicol acetate (ACA) which serves as an anticancer through its action as an anti-inflammatory agent, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. Benzo(a)pyrenes (BAP) are five-ringed Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of mutagenic and carcinogenic organic compounds. This study aimed to determine the effect of galangal extract on histological features of mice's breast induced by benzo(a)pyrene. This was an experimental laboratory study using mice as experimental animals. Subjects were 15 mice, divided into negative control group (5 mice) and two treatment groups (5 mice each). All mice were fed with standard pellet throughout the experiment. Mice in group A (negative control) received no treatment; mice in group B were administered with benzo(a)pyrene for 14 days then were given no treatment for the next 14 days; and mice in group C were induced by benzo(a)pyrene and were given galangal extract for 14 days then were given no treatment for the next 14 days. The result of this study revealed changes in mice breast histological features in the form of hyperplasia of cuboid epithelial cells of lactiferous ducts in group B and C, however the manifestation in group C was less pronounced than that was seen in group B. Conclusion: Oral administration of galangal extract subcutaneously was able to inhibit the cuboidal ductal lactiferious epithelial cell hyperplasia of mice breast induced by benzo(a)pyrene

Gambaran Histopatologik Mukosa Laring Tikus Wistar Yang Dipapar Asap Rokok, Obat Nyamuk Bakar, Dan Kendaraan Bermotor

: Air polution is a condition where the air is contaminated with chemicals, particles/matters and other biological substances such as cigarette smoke, mosquito coil smoke, and exhaust gas. Cigarette smoke, mosquito coil smoke and exhaust gas contain substances that can cause inflammation, hyperresponsivity, obstruction, and metaplasia of the respiratory tract. This study aimed to compare the exposure effect of cigarette smoke, mosquito coil smoke, and exhaust gas on the histopathological features of Wistar rat larynx. This was an experimental laboratory study. Subjects were 20 rats divided into 4 groups; Group I, the negative control group, and 3 treatment groups (Group II, III, and IV). Group II was exposed by cigarette smoke, group III was exposed by mosquito coil smoke, and group IV was exposed by exhaust gas. Subjects were put in a modified exposure cage in according with the treatment groups and were exposed for 2 hours per day for 30 days. The results showed that inflammatory cells were found the most in group 4, meanwhile in group II were the least. Metaplasia occured the most in group II, menwhile group III and IV had similar results. In general, group IV showed the worst pathological reaction, followed by group III and group II. Conclusion: Histopathological feature of larynx of wistar rat exposed by exhaust gas showed the worst histopathological changes, followed by mosquito coil smoke exposure group and cigarette smoke group

Gambaran Histopatologik Testis Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus) Setelah Pemberian Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)

: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a sodium salt from glutamic acid which is currently very popular to be used as a food flavoring ingredient to stimulate appetite. The objective of the study to discover the histologic findings of wistar rats\u27 testicles after MSG administration. This was an experimental laboratoric study, using 20 wistar rats that has been divided into 4 groups. The negative control group is given standard pallet and drinking water for 40 days; it devided to 2 smaller groups, K1 and K2, each of the group was terminated on the 21st and 41st day. The intervention group was given MSG according to average consumption dose in Indonesia; it devided to two smaller groups, P1 and P2, each group was terminated on the 21st and 41st day. The result showed on group K1 and K2, a normal finding of seminiferous tubules, spermatogenic cell layer arrays, and interstitial cell density was found. On group P1, showed seminiferous tubules with decrease of spermatogenic cells development, causing the tubules compartment to appear vacant; the spermatogonia layers appeared sparse on basal membrane, and fewer interstitial cells. On group P2, the findings were not of much difference with group P1, but in this group, one testicle specimen showed calcification cells inside its seminiferous tubules was found. Conclusion: Administration of MSG according to average consumption dose in Indonesia causes decrease of seminiferous tubules\u27 diameter and decrease of the number of spermatogenic cells and interstitial cells

Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Kanola Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologik Aorta Dan Kadar Kolesterol Tikus Wistar Dengan Diet Tinggi Lemak

: Canola oil is a source of vegetable oils which contains high unsaturated fats that can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, especially atherosclerosis. One of the trigger factors of atherosclerosis is hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological features of aorta and the levels of LDL and HDL cholesterols in Wistar rats fed with high fat diet and canola oil. There were 20 Wistar rats in this study, divided into four groups: group A, the negative control; group B with high-fat diet (1 ml lard and 1 ml yolk daily); group C with high-fat diet and 0.1 ml of canola oil daily; and group D with high-fat diet and simvastatin 0.2 mg daily. The results showed elevated levels of LDL and HDL cholesterols in the treated groups compared to the control group. The histopathological features revealed many foam cells in the aorta wall (intima and media layers) of group B, whereas group C had fewer foam cells. No foam cells were found in group D. Conclusion: Although the mean LDL and HDL cholesterol levels of all treated groups were higher than of the control group, canola oil could reduce foam cell formation

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum) Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologik Hati Tikus Wistar Yang Diberikan Parasetamol Dosis Toksik

: Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) contains eugenol, a phenolic compound, which has been suggested to possess antioxidant activity. This compound is suspected to be able to minimize damage to the liver cells caused by drugs such as paracetamol. This study aimed to observe the effects of clove leaf extract on histopathological features of Wistar rat liver tissue induced with toxic doses of paracetamol. This was an experimental laboratory study. Subjects were 24 male Wistar rats. The dose of clove leaf extract was 200 mg/day (single dose) and of paracetamol 50 mg/day (single dose) orally. Group A (negative control) was given no treatment for 14 days. Group B was given paracetamol for 14 days. Group C was given clove leaf extract for 7 days and then added with paracetamol for 7 days. Group D was given clove leaf extract and paracetamol simultaneously for 14 days. Group A showed normal histological feature of liver cells. Group B showed liver cell damage induced by paracetamol. Group C showed regeneration of liver cells, but there were still some necrosis and fatty liver cells. Group D showed regeneration of liver cells meanwhile cell necrosis was hardly found. Conclusion: Clove leaf extract could improve the histopathological changes of liver tissues of Wistar rats due to administration of paracetamol at toxic dose. This improvement was manifested as better regeneration of liver cells than that of rats not treated with clover leaf extract

Gambaran Histopatologik Hati Tikus Wistar Yang Diberi Minuman Kopi Pasca Induksi Karbon Tetraklorida (CCl4)

: Liver is the central of body metabolism and therefore is the major organ that suffers the most when subjected to free radicals and toxins, e.g carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). One of the herbal plants that is useful for treating liver damage is coffee. Coffee beans contains chlorogenic acid, an antioxidant, that can prevent liver damage. This study aimed to obtain a histopathological features of the liver of Wistar rats administered with coffee after induced with CCl4. This was a laboratory experimental study. Samples were 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into four groups. Rats in group 1 were the negative control. Rats in group 2 were induced with CCl4 0.05 ml/day for 5 days. Rats in group 3 were induced with CCl4 0.05 ml/day for 5 days, followed by coffee administration 1 ml/day for 7 days. Rats in group 4 were induced with CCl4 0.05 ml/day for 5 days then were given no treatment for 7 days. Termination was done on day 6 (group 1 and 2) and day 13 (group 3 and 4). The results showed that rats in group 2 histophatologically showed fatty liver formation and inflammation. Rats in group 3 were the same as group 4 in the terms showed regeneration of hepatocytes. Conclusion: Administration of coffe 1 ml/day (single dose) for seven days after induction with CCl4 for five days showed regeneration of hepatocytes which was similar to that in physiological condition

Gambaran Histopatologik Payudara Mencit (Mus Musculus) Yang Diinduksi Benzo(α)pyrene Dan Diberikan Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma Longa L.)

: Breast cancer (Carcinoma mammae) is one of the most common cancers affecting women. The etiology of breast cancer is still unknown, however, there are several important risk factors linked to the occurence of breast cancer, as follows: genetic, hormonal, and environmental. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PHA) such as benzo(a)pyrene is a carcinogenic agent that can be found in the surrounding environment. It has been proven that benzo(a)pyrene can induce tumors in experimental animal models. Turmeric is a natural biocompound that is often used to treat cancer due to its curcumin contents. Curcumin interacts with a variety of genetic molecules that undergo mutation in cancer. This study aimed to determine the effects of turmeric extract administration on the hispathological features of the breast of mice induced with benzo(a)pyrene. This was an experimental study using 15 female mice weighing 20-30g divided into 3 groups. Group A (negative control) was given standard food for 28 days and terminated on day 29. Group B (treatment I), the breasts were induced with benzo(a)pyrene subcutaneously for 14 days and the mice were terminated on day 29. Group C (treatment II), the breasts were induced with benzo(a)pyrene for 14 days and the mice were given the tumeric extract on day 15-28 and then terminated on day 29. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin eosin. The results showed that Group A had normal microscopic features of breast tissues. Group B showed PMN inflammatory cells, thickening layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding the lactiferous ducts (>4 layers) as well as cells with coarse nucleus chromatin. Although mice in group C still presented the PMN inflammatory cells, their cuboidal epithelial layers were thinner than that of group B (2-3 layers) and the cells contained rough nucleus chromatin. Conclusion: The histopathological features of the breast of benzo(a)pyrene induced mice administered with turmeric extract showed fewer layers of cuboidal epithelial cells with rough nucleus chromatin of the lactiferous duct cells wall compared to those treated with benzo(a)pyrene without turmeric extract

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Biji Kakao (Theobroma Cacao) Terhadap Jumlah Pigmen Melanin Kulit Tikus Wistar (Rattus Novergicus) Yang Dipapar Sinar Matahari

: Excessive exposure of sunlight may cause hyperpigmentation. Cocoa is a beneficial plant to the skin. This study was aimed to reveal the effect of cocoa bean extracts on the number of melanin pigments in rat skin after sun exposure. This was an experimental study using 25 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into one control group and four treatment groups. The treatment consisted of sunlight exposure for one hour/day and application of cocoa bean extract 1600 mg/day that varied among treatment groups. Group A was the negative control group (terminated at day 21). Group B, the treatment group 1, was exposed to sunlight for 30 days (terminated at day 31). Group C, the treatment group 2, was exposed to sunlight for 20 days (terminated at day 31). Group D, the treatment group 3, was divided into group D1 consisted of 2 rats and group D2 consisted of 3 rats. Group D1 was exposed to sunlight 30 minutes after the application of cocoa bean extract for 20 days (terminated at day 21). Group D2 was exposed to sunlight 30 minutes after the application of cocoa bean extract for 30 days (terminated at day 31). Group E was exposed to sunlight for 20 days and continued with the application of cocoa bean extract for the next 10 days (terminated at day 3). The results showed that sunlight exposure increased the number of melanin pigments in group B and C compared to group A. Group D showed fewer melanin pigments than group B and C. Group E showed fewer melanin pigments than group B, C, and D. Conclusion: Cocoa bean extract could reduce the number of skin melanin pigments in rats exposed to sunlight