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Synthesis of dense bulk MgB2 by an infiltration and growth process
We report the processing of dense, superconducting MgB2 (2.4 g cm-3) by an infiltration and growth technique. The process, which involves infiltration of liquid magnesium at 750 C into a pre-defined boron precursor pellet, is relatively simple, results in the formation of a hard, dense structure and has the potential to fabricate large bulk samples of complex geometries. X-ray diffraction has been used to confirm the presence of the MgB2 primary phase with only residual magnesium content in the fully processed samples. The samples exhibit sharp superconducting transitions at 38.4 K and have critical current densities of up to 260 kA cm-2 in self-field at 5 K. Modest measured values of Hc2(0) of 17 T suggest that superconductivity in bulk MgB2 fabricated by this technique is in the clean pairing limit
Groups 5 and 6 Terminal Hydrazido(2â) Complexes: N_β Substituent Effects on Ligand-to-Metal Charge-Transfer Energies and Oxidation States
Brightly colored terminal hydrazido(2â) (dme)MCl_3(NNR_2) (dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane; M = Nb, Ta; R = alkyl, aryl) or (MeCN)WCl_4(NNR_2) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. Perturbing the electronic environment of the β (NR_2) nitrogen affects the energy of the lowest-energy charge-transfer (CT) transition in these complexes. For group 5 complexes, increasing the energy of the N_β lone pair decreases the ligand-to-metal CT (LMCT) energy, except for electron-rich niobium dialkylhydrazides, which pyramidalize N_β in order to reduce the overlap between the NbâNÎą Ď bond and the Nβ lone pair. For W complexes, increasing the energy of N_β eventually leads to reduction from formally [W^(VI)âĄNâNR_2] with a hydrazido(2â) ligand to [W^(IV)âNâNR_2] with a neutral 1,1-diazene ligand. The photophysical properties of these complexes highlight the potential redox noninnocence of hydrazido ligands, which could lead to ligand- and/or metal-based redox chemistry in early transition metal derivatives
Vortex deformation and breaking in superconductors: A microscopic description
Vortex breaking has been traditionally studied for nonuniform critical
current densities, although it may also appear due to nonuniform pinning force
distributions. In this article we study the case of a
high-pinning/low-pinning/high-pinning layered structure. We have developed an
elastic model for describing the deformation of a vortex in these systems in
the presence of a uniform transport current density for any arbitrary
orientation of the transport current and the magnetic field. If is above a
certain critical value, , the vortex breaks and a finite effective
resistance appears. Our model can be applied to some experimental
configurations where vortex breaking naturally exists. This is the case for
YBaCuO (YBCO) low angle grain boundaries and films on vicinal
substrates, where the breaking is experienced by Abrikosov-Josephson vortices
(AJV) and Josephson string vortices (SV), respectively. With our model, we have
experimentally extracted some intrinsic parameters of the AJV and SV, such as
the line tension and compared it to existing predictions based on
the vortex structure.Comment: 11 figures in 13 files; minor changes after printing proof
Drug-Loaded, Bivalent-Bottle-Brush Polymers by Graft-through ROMP
Graft through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using ruthenium N heterocyclic carbene catalysts has enabled the synthesis of bottle-brush polymers with unprecedented ease and control Here we report the first bivalent-brush polymers, these materials were prepared by graft through ROMP of drug-loaded poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based macromonomers (MMs) Anticancer drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and camptothecin (CT) were attached to a norbornene alkyne-PEG MM via a photocleavable linker ROMP of either or both drug loaded MMs generated brush homo and copolymers with low polydispersities and defined molecular weights. Release of free DOX and CT from these materials was initiated by exposure to 365 nm light All of the CT and DOX polymers were at least 10 fold more toxic to human cancer cells after photoinitiated drug release while a copolymer carrying both CT and DOX displayed 30-fold increased toxicity upon irradiation Graft through ROMP of drug loaded macromonomers provides a general method for the systematic study of structure function relationships for stimuli responsive polymers in biological systems
Faint dwarf galaxies in the Next Generation Virgo cluster Survey
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS) is a CFHT Large Program that
is using the wide field of view capabilities of the MegaCam camera to map the
entire Virgo Cluster from its core to virial radius. The observing strategy has
been optimized to detect very low surface brightness structures in the cluster,
including intracluster stellar streams and faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies. We
present here the current status of this ongoing survey, with an emphasis on the
detection and analysis of the very low-mass galaxies in the cluster that have
been revealed by the NGVS.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, Conference Proceedings: "A Universe of Dwarf
Galaxies", 14-18 June 2010, Lyon, Franc
Investigating the Andromeda Stream: II. Orbital Fits and Properties of the Progenitor
We construct test-particle orbits and simple N-body models that match the
properties of the giant stellar stream observed to the south of M31, using the
model of M31's potential derived in the companion paper by Geehan et al.
(2006). We introduce a simple approximation to account for the difference in
position between the stream and the orbit of the progenitor; this significantly
affects the best-fitting orbits. The progenitor orbits we derive have orbital
apocenter \sim 60 \kpc and pericenter \sim 3 \kpc, though these quantities
vary somewhat with the current orbital phase of the progenitor which is as yet
unknown. Our best combined fit to the stream and galaxy properties implies a
mass within 125 kpc of M31 of (7.4 \pm 1.2) \times 10^{11} \Msun. Based on
its length, width, luminosity, and velocity dispersion, we conclude that the
stream originates from a progenitor satellite with mass M_s \sim 10^9 \Msun,
and at most modest amounts of dark matter; the estimate of is again
correlated with the phase of the progenitor. M31 displays a large number of
faint features in its inner halo which may be progenitors or continuations of
the stream. While the orbital fits are not constrained enough for us to
conclusively identify the progenitor, we can identify several plausible
candidates, of which a feature in the planetary nebula distribution found by
Merrett et al. is the most plausible, and rule out several others. We make
predictions for the kinematic properties of the successful candidates. These
may aid in observational identification of the progenitor object, which would
greatly constrain the allowed models of the stream.Comment: 17 pages, 10 color figures, 4 tables. Accepted by Monthly Notices;
some minor revisions and corrected typo
The critical current of YBa2Cu3O7-d Low Angle Grain Boundaries
Transport critical current measurements have been performed on 5 degree
[001]-tilt thin film YBa2Cu3O7-delta single grain boundaries with magnetic
field rotated in the plane of the film, phi. The variation of the critical
current has been determined as a function of the angle between the magnetic
field and the grain boundary plane. In applied fields above 1 T the critical
current, j_c, is found to be strongly suppressed only when the magnetic field
is within an angle phi_k of the grain boundary. Outside this angular range the
behavior of the artificial grain boundary is dominated by the critical current
of the grains. We show that the phi dependence of j_c in the suppressed region
is well described by a flux cutting model.Comment: To be published in PRL, new version with minor changes following
referees report
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