Portosystemic Shunt in A Puppy Poodle and Medical Treatment: Case report

The case includes a 7-month-old puppy poodle applied to a private hospital for weakness, tremors and seizure attacks. Clinical examination findings were normal. From blood samples, biochemical parameter measurements were carried out. The values of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ammonia and fasting serum bile acids were high and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) value was low. Ultrasonographic examination, shunted vein in the liver to the vena cava caudalis, that is colour Doppler observed the extrahepatic shunt and turbulent flow in this shunted. Depending on clinical, laboratory (hemogram and biochemistry) and ultrasonographic observations, portosystemic shunt (PSS) was diagnosed and controlled one month after the treatment was recommended. The medical treatment included a hepatic formula diet (liver care), lactulose 0.5 ml/kg three times a day, metronidazole 15 mg/kg twice a day, S-adenosyl Methionine 15 mg/kg once a day, 400 international unite (IU) vitamin E once a day for 30 days. When turbulent flow is observed in the shunted vein in the liver to vena cava caudalis, ultrasound examination with color Doppler can help diagnose portosystemic shunt. After the treatment, clinical improvement was observed and clinical symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy including seizures and tremors, disappeared completely. Determination of turbulent flow with colour Doppler and decreased portal flow velocity with portal hypertension with PW-Doppler ultrasonography are important for the diagnosis of the portosystemic shunt. It was concluded that medical treatments might help before surgical treatments in portosystemic shunts

13 yaşlı bir köpekte “old dog ensefalit” olgusu: Köpek distemper’ının ender formu

13 year-old male dog with complaints of fever, loss of appetite, stagnation as well as respiratory signs such as purulent nasal and eye discharge, cough and neurologic signs including apathy, ataxia, quadriplegia, muscular atrophy and myoclonus which admitted to the Animal Hospital of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Selcuk University. “Old dog encephalitis” was determined by clinical, laboratory examinations and rapid distemper test. Clinical findings revealed hyperthermia, tachypnea and tachycardia. Intravenous 0.9% NaCl and 5% dextrose solution, vitamin and amino acids, ceftriaxone, n-acetylcysteine for improving clinical appearance and for controlling myoclonus pregabalin were used. In conclusion canine distemper virus may affect mature dogs over six years old as “old dog encephalitis” and this condition may provide a valuable model for further study of demyelinating diseases including measles in humans.13 yaşlı erkek bir köpek ateş, iştahsızlık, durgunluk gibi genel; purulent burun ve gözyaşı akıntısı, öksürük gibi respiratorik; apati, ataksi, kuadripleji, kas atrofisi ve miyoklonus gibi nörolojik bulgular ile Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Hayvan Hastanesine getirilmiştir. Klinik muayene, laboratuvar analizleri ve yapılan distemper hızlı kiti ile “old dog ensefalit” tespit edilmiştir. Klinik muayenede vücut ısısı, solunum sayısı ve kalp ritminde artış belirlenmiştir. Tedavi olarak intravenöz 0.9% NaCl ve 5% dekstroz solüsyonları, vitamin ve aminoasitler, seftriakson, N-asetil sistein, miyoklonusu kontrol altına almak için pregabalin uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak köpeklerin distemper virüsünün 6 yaşından büyük erişkin köpekleri “old dog ensefalit” olarak etkileyebileceği ve bu durumun insanlarda kızamık dahil demiyelinizasyon hastalıklarının daha ileri çalışmaları için değerli bir model olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır

Hemoplazmozlu kedilerde bazı kan gaz, hemogram ve biyokimyasal parametrelerin değerlendirilmesi

The aim of this study was to evaluate some blood gases, hemogram, and biochemical parameters in cats with hemoplasmosis. Ten healthy and fifteen infected cats were enrolled in the study. 7 mL of blood sample was taken once from all cats into tubes with and without anticoagulant. Blood gases, complete blood count, and biochemical analyzes were performed from blood samples. While pH, HCO3 and BE levels of cats with hemoplasmosis were significantly lower than healthy cats, lactate levels were higher (p< 0.05). WBC, Mon, Gra, and RDW levels were found to be significantly higher than in healthy cats, while RBC, Hct, Hb, and PLT levels were found to be lower (p< 0.05). AST, T.Bil, D.Bil, P, TG, LDH, TP, and CK levels were significantly higher than healthy, while Alb and Ca levels and A:G ratio were found to be low (p< 0.05). As a result, it was determined that metabolic acidosis, hyperlactatemia, anemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia developed in cats with hemoplasmosis. In addition, it can be concluded that the A:G ratio should be considered in the diagnosis of infected cats and it should be evaluated together with other diagnostic test results.Sunulan çalışmanın amacı, hemoplazmozlu kedilerde bazı kan gazı, hemogram ve biyokimyasal parametrelerin değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmaya on sağlıklı ve on beş hemoplazmozlu kedi dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen tüm kedilerden antikoagülanlı ve antikoagülansız tüplere bir kez 7 mL kan alındı. Kan örneklerinden kan gazı, tam kan sayımı ve biyokimyasal analizler yapıldı. Hemoplazmozlu kedilerin pH, HCO3 ve BE düzeyleri sağlıklı kedilere göre anlamlı olarak düşük iken, laktat düzeyleri yüksekti (p< 0.05). WBC, Mon, Gra ve RDW seviyeleri sağlıklı kedilere göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunurken, RBC, Hct, Hb ve PLT seviyeleri düşük bulundu (p< 0.05). AST, T.Bil, D.Bil, P, TG, LDH, TP ve CK düzeyleri sağlıklı bireylere göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunurken, Alb ve Ca düzeyleri ile A:G oranı düşük bulundu (p< 0.05). Sonuç olarak hemoplazmozlu kedilerde metabolik asidoz, hiperlaktatemi, anemi, hipertrigliseridemi, hipoalbuminemi, hiperbilirubinemi geliştiği tespit edildi. Ayrıca hemoplazmozlu kedilerin tanısında düşük A:G oranının dikkate alınması ve diğer tanısal test sonuçları ile birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varıldı

Surveilling brain damage using brain biomarkers in hypoglycemic neonatal calves with diarrhea

Hypoglycemia is a condition associated with neonatal diarrhea in calves, leading to increased mortality and neurological clinical signs. The aim of the present study was to determine the development of brain damage in hypoglycemic calves with neonatal diarrhea and the diagnostic and prognostic significance of these biomarkers. Ten healthy and 50 hypoglycemic calves with diarrhea were included in the study. Clinical examination, blood gases and complete blood count were performed at admission. Blood serum calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolysis isoenzyme-1 (UCHL-1), activitin A (ACT), adrenomodullin (AM) concentrations, and creatine kinase-BB (CK-BB) enzyme activity were measured using commercial bovine-specific ELISA kits to assess brain damage. Of the hypoglycemic calves enrolled in the study, 13 (26%) survived and 37 (74%) died. In addition, 32 (64%) of the calves had severe acidosis and 24 (48%) had sepsis. S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, CK-BB (p &lt; 0.001) and NSE (p &lt; 0.05) concentrations were significantly higher in hypoglycemic calves compared to healthy calves, while ACT concentrations were lower. Blood glucose concentration was negatively correlated with serum S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, and CK-BB enzyme activity and positively correlated with ACT in hypoglycemic calves (p &lt; 0.01). Brain injury biomarkers were not predictive of mortality (p &gt; 0.05). Morever, severe hypoglycemia, severe acidosis and sepsis variables were not found to have sufficient capacity to predict mortality when considered alone or together (p &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, brain damage may develop as a consequence of hypoglycemia in calves. S100B, NSE, GFAP, UCHL-1, ACT, and CK-BB concentrations can be used to diagnose brain damage in hypoglycemic calves. However, the variables of severe hypoglycemia, severe acidosis, and sepsis together with the biomarkers of brain injury have a limited value in predicting the prognosis of neonatal calves with diarrhea

The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of toltrazuril in the treatment of coccidiosis of lambs and goat kids

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kuzu ve oğlak akut koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril’in tedavideki etkinliğini değerlendirmekti. Bu araştırmanın materyalini, 15-45 günlük koksidiyozisli 120 kuzu ve 20 oğlak oluşturdu. Kuzu ve oğlaklarda iştahsızlık, durgunluk, emme refleksinde ve canlı ağırlıkta azalma, dehidrasyon ve siyah yeşilimsi (çoğunluğunda) veya kanlı ishal gözlendi. Koksidiyozis tanısı dışkının mikroskobik muayenesi ile kondu. Kuzu ve oğlaklara 20 mg/kg dozunda oral yolla tek doz toltrazuril uygulandı. 120 koksidiyozisli kuzunun 115’i tedaviye cevap verirken, 5 kuzu tedaviye cevap vermedi. 20 koksidiyozisli oğlağın 19’u tedaviye cevap verirken, 1 oğlak tedaviye cevap vermedi. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma kuzu ve oğlakların koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril’in oldukça etkili olduğunu göstermiştirThe aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of toltrazuril in the treatment of coccidiosis of lambs and goat kids. The animal material of the study consisted of 120 lambs and 20 goat kids with coccidiosis, 15-45 days old. Clinical examination revealed absented or decreased appetite, depression, dehydration, decrease in suckling reflex, weight loss and black greenish (mostly) or bloody diarrhea in lambs and goat kids with coccidiosis. Diagnosis of coccidiosis was performed by microscopic examination. A single dose of toltrazuril (20 mg/kg PO) was administered to each lambs and goat kids. 115 of 120 lambs with coccidiosis responded to the therapy (95 %). Five infected lambs did not respond to treatment. 19 of 20 goat kids with coccidiosis responded to the therapy (95 %). One infected goat kids did not respond to treatment. As a result, this study demonstrated that toltrazuril was found to have more effect in the treatment of coccidiosis of lambs and goat kid

Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated with Higher Serum Cys-C and NGAL Concentrations, and Risk of Mortality in Premature Calves with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The purpose of the present study was to establish the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and evaluate the usefulness of kidney-specific biomarkers in diagnosing AKI in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Ten-term healthy and 70 premature calves with RDS were enrolled. Clinical examination, blood gases, and chemical analysis were performed at admission and 72 h. Serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), phosphorus (P), cystatin-C (Cys-C), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), uromodulin (UMOD), and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) were measured to evaluate kidney injury. Our findings showed that 38.5% of the premature calves with RDS developed AKI. The RDS-AKI group had a 4-fold higher mortality risk than the RDS-non-AKI group. Cys-C, with 90% and 89% specificity, and NGAL, with 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity, were the most reliable biomarkers to determine AKI in premature calves. The usefulness of any biomarker to predict mortality was not found to be convincing. In conclusion, AKI can develop as a consequence of hypoxia in premature calves and may increase the risk of mortality. In addition, serum Cys-C and NGAL concentrations may be useful in the diagnosis of AKI in premature calves with RDS