Utilization of chitosan-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for chromium removal

Abstract Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely used for their versatility, while it is coated with a biopolymer like chitosan that adds attraction and also increases its applications. In this study, SPION was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method, characterized using various analytical techniques like UV–Vis, FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, AFM, XRD, zeta potential and Raman spectroscopy analysis. Chitosan was coated onto the SPIONs and used for water treatment to remove chromium (450 ppm concentration). Chitosan-coated SPIONs were found to remove about 80% of chromium. Freundlich model was found to be fitting better for the current study

Preparation, characterization and utilization of coreshell super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for curcumin delivery.

In this study, super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were produced by chemical co-precipitation method, then it was constructed to be a core shell nanoparticle by functionalizing with SDS, loading with curcumin and coating with a biopolymer i.e. chitosan. Each step was analyzed microscopically and spectroscopically. The produced coreshell particles were between 40 and 45nm and these coreshell particles were utilized for drug delivery studies against cervical cancer cell line-HeLa cells. The coreshell SPIONs were found to be releasing curcumin in between 6 and 12 h, which was evidenced by increased apoptotic cells and increased caspase 3 expression in HeLa cells

Preparation, characterization and utilization of coreshell super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for curcumin delivery - Fig 5

<p>(a) SPIONs, (b) EDX spectrum of SPIONS, (c) SPIONs functionalized with SDS, (d) EDX spectrum of SPIONs functionalized with SDS (f) EDX spectrum of SPIONs functionalized and loaded with curcumin (g) SPIONs functionalized, loaded with curcumin and encapsulated with biopolymer coating, (h) EDX spectrum of SPIONs functionalized, loaded with curcumin and encapsulated with biopolymer coating.</p

Preparation, characterization and utilization of coreshell super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for curcumin delivery - Fig 4

<p>XRD spectra of the four phases of coreshell preparation: (a) naked SPIONs, (b) after functionalizing with SDS, (c) after curcumin loading, (d) after encapsulating with biopolymer coating.</p

Preparation, characterization and utilization of coreshell super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for curcumin delivery - Fig 8

<p>Flow cytometric analysis of the time dependent apoptotic assay in HeLa cell line: (a) control–not treated (b) HeLa cell treated with coreshell for 2 hours, (c) HeLa cell treated with coreshell for 6 hours, (d) HeLa cell treated with coreshell for 12 hours, (e) HeLa cell treated with coreshell for 24 hours.</p

MTT assay done for the curcumin (drug) encapsulated coreshell in HeLa cell line.

<p>MTT assay done for the curcumin (drug) encapsulated coreshell in HeLa cell line.</p

Preparation, characterization and utilization of coreshell super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for curcumin delivery - Fig 2

<p>FTIR spectra of the four phases of coreshell preparation: (a) naked SPIONs, (b) after functionalizing with SDS, (c) after curcumin loading, and (d) after encapsulating with biopolymer coating.</p

Preparation, characterization and utilization of coreshell super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for curcumin delivery - Fig 3

<p>Raman spectra of the four phases of coreshell preparation: (a) naked SPIONs, (b) after functionalizing with SDS, (c) after curcumin loading, (d) after encapsulating with biopolymer coating.</p

Production and Utilization of SPIONs for In-vitro Drug Release and X-ray Imaging

In this study, SPIONs were produced in the presence of cobalt as catalyst. SPIONs formed by this chemical co-precipitation were size around 20 nm. After producing the SPIONs, it was subjected for functionalization with oleic acid and loaded with drug - itraconazole (a drug possess antifungal and antibacterial activity) and encapsulated with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The produced core-shell SPIONS was used for antimicrobial study against two bacteria namely - Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Brevibacillus brevis and a fungi - Candida albicans. It was found to be effectively releasing drug for more than 3 hours. The SPIONs alone was acting good as contrasting agent and used for enhancing X-ray imaging

AFM images of the four phases of coreshell preparation.

<p>(a) SPIONs, (b) after functionalizing with SDS, (c) after curcumin loading, (d) after encapsulating with polymer coating.</p