ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FRACTIONS OF ANNONA RETICULATA LEAF

ABSTRACTContext: Several species of the genus Annona were reported to have hypoglycemic properties and this makes Annona reticulata Linn. (Annonaceae)an interesting plant for investigating its anti-hyperglycemic potential.Objective: Different fractions prepared from hydro-alcoholic extract of A. reticulata leave were investigated for their blood glucose lowering effect onStreptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemic rats.Methods: Ethyl acetate, methanol, and residual fractions (at dose level of 100 mg/kg by oral route) prepared from the hydro-alcoholic extract ofA. reticulata leave were administered for 14 consecutive days to STZ induced hyperglycemic rats for evaluation of their anti-hyperglycemic potential.Anti-hyperglycemic potential was assessed by observation of a decrease in fasting blood glucose level.Results: The studies revealed that ethyl acetate fraction decreased the blood glucose level of hyperglycemic rats from 447.67 to 234.17 mg/dL and issignificant (p<0.001) when compared with diabetic control group. The residual fraction and methanolic fraction decreased blood glucose level from417.83 to 402.50 mg/dL and 432.33 to 371.67 mg/dL respectively but not significant when compared with the diabetic control group. Standard drugmetformin (dose 300 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose level from 447.33 to 219.50 mg/dL.Discussion: Ethyl acetate fraction at tested dose level was capable not only to control the elevated blood glucose level but also able to attenuatecertain secondary parameters associated with STZ induced hyperglycemia.Conclusion: This study suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction prepared from hydro-alcoholic extract of A. reticulata leave exhibit potential antihyperglycemicpropertyin the testedexperimentalmodels and should be investigatedfurther.Keywords: Streptozotocin, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia

Identification of chemical compounds present in different fractions of <i>Annona reticulata</i> L. leaf by using GC–MS

<div><p>GC–MS analysis of fractions prepared from hydro-alcoholic extract of <i>Annona reticulata</i> Linn (Family Annonaceae) leaf revealed the presence of 9,10-dimethyltricyclo[4.2.1.1(2,5)]decane-9,10-diol; 4-(1,5-dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-2-one; 3,7-dimethyl-6-nonen-1-ol acetate; 9-octadecenamide,(<i>Z</i>)-; glycerine; d-glucose,6-<i>O</i>-α-d-galactopyranosyl-; desulphosinigrin and α-methyl-d-mannopyranoside as few of the major compounds in different fractions. The presence of these compounds in the plant has been identified for the first time.</p></div

Evaluation of respiratory exchange ratio (RER) for predicting postoperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing oncological resection for gastrointestinal malignancies – A prospective cohort study

Background and Aims: Predicting complications after major oncosurgery is particularly daunting in the elderly subcategory of patients owing to factors like preexisting age-related immune cellular senescence and a significant imbalance of oxygen delivery (DO2) and consumption (VO2) characteristic of major oncological surgeries. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) indicates DO2–VO2 balance and onset of anaerobic metabolism. We evaluated the ability of RER in predicting the occurrence of postoperative complications following geriatric oncosurgery. Materials and Methods: In the study, we enrolled 96 patients aged 65 years and above undergoing definitive surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy. The RER was calculated at predefined time points by a non-volumetric method from the respiratory parameters as RER = (end-tidal fractional carbon dioxide [FetCO2] – fraction of inspired carbon dioxide [FiCO2]/fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2] – end-tidal fractional oxygen [FetO2]). Other indices of tissue perfusion, like central venous oxygen saturation and lactate levels, were also recorded. The patients were followed up for postsurgical complications. The predictive value of RER and other perfusion parameters was assessed and compared by appropriate statistical methods. Results: The patients who sustained major complications had a higher RER than the patients who did not sustain complications (1.47 ± 0.99 vs. 0.90 ± 0.31, P = 0.001). An intraoperative cutoff value of RER ≥0.89 was found to best predict postoperative complications at a specificity and sensitivity rate of 81.2% and 76%, respectively. End-operative partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) gap of >5.2 mm and elevated arterial lactate could also predict postsurgical complications in this age group. Conclusion: The RER can serve as a noninvasive, real-time and sensitive indicator of tissue hypoperfusion and postoperative complications in geriatric gastrointestinal oncosurgery