4 research outputs found
Phospholipases A in Trypanosomatids
Phospholipases are a complex and important group of enzymes widespread in nature, that play crucial roles in diverse biochemical processes and are classified as A1, A2, C, and D. Phospholipases A1 and A2 activities have been linked to pathogenesis in various microorganisms, and particularly in pathogenic protozoa they have been implicated in cell invasion. Kinetoplastids are a group of flagellated protozoa, including extra- and intracellular parasites that cause severe disease in humans and animals. In the present paper, we will mainly focus on the three most important kinetoplastid human pathogens, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania spp., giving a perspective of the research done up to now regarding biochemical, biological, and molecular characteristics of Phospholipases A1 and A2 and their contribution to pathogenesis
Involvement of protein kinase C isoenzymes in Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis induced by oleic acid
Previously, we showed that oleic acid (OA) induces Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis through a signaling pathway involving de novo diacylglycerol biosynthesis and simultaneous protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Herein, we demonstrated that OA also triggers a transient Ca(2+) signal in epimastigotes, necessary for parasite differentiation, that could account for PKC activation. In addition, we found that this free fatty acid (FFA) directly stimulated in vitro the activity of T. cruzi PKC in a dose-response way. We determined the presence of classical and novel PKC isoenzymes that were differentially expressed in the infective amastigotes (alpha and delta) and tripomastigotes (alpha, beta, and gamma) and in the non-infective epimastigotes (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta). We also demonstrated that OA induced in epimastigotes the translocation of PKC alpha, beta, gamma, and delta to the membrane, indicating a selective effect of this FFA. To establish a correlation between T. cruzi metacyclogenesis induced by OA and the activation of a particular PKC isoenzyme, the specific PKC inhibitors Ro 32-0432 and Rottlerin (9-30 nM and 5-35 microM, respectively) were employed. These compounds, even at the lowest concentrations assayed, abrogated both epimastigote differentiation and membrane translocation of PKC beta, gamma, and delta. These findings strongly support a key role for classical and novel PKC isoenzymes in the signaling pathways involved in T. cruzi metacyclogenesis induced by OA.Fil: BelaunzarĂĄn, MarĂa Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa. CĂĄtedra de MicrobiologĂa, ParasitologĂa e InmunologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Lammel, Estela MarĂa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa. CĂĄtedra de MicrobiologĂa, ParasitologĂa e InmunologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Gimenez, Guadalupe. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa. CĂĄtedra de MicrobiologĂa, ParasitologĂa e InmunologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Wainszelbaum, Marisa Judith. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Durante de Isola, Elvira Luisa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de MicrobiologĂa. CĂĄtedra de MicrobiologĂa, ParasitologĂa e InmunologĂa; Argentin
Cellular localization, cloning and expression of Leishmania braziliensis Phospholipase A1
Leishmaniasis is caused by several species of protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and represents an important global health problem. Leishmania braziliensis in particular is responsible of cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms of this parasitosis, with prevalence in Latin America. In the present work, we describe in L. braziliensis promastigotes and amastigotes the presence of a Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) activity, an enzyme that catalyses extensive deacylation of phospholipids like phosphatidylcholine. In order to deepen the knowledge about L. braziliensis PLA1, the cloning and expression of the gene that codifies for this enzyme was carried out in a baculovirus expression system with the obtaintion of a purified recombinant protein that displayed PLA1 activity. Given that this is the first molecular and functional protein characterization of a PLA1 in the Leishmania genus, we also performed a phylogenetic analysis of this gene throughout 12 species whose genome sequences were available. The results presented here will contribute to increase the knowledge about trypanosome phospholipases, which could be novel and valuable as potential targets to fight neglected diseases like Leishmaniasis.Fil: Bott, Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; ArgentinaFil: LĂłpez, MarĂa Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Lammel, Estela MarĂa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; ArgentinaFil: Carfagna, Ivanna Emilce. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; ArgentinaFil: Durante de Isola, Elvira Luisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; ArgentinaFil: Ruybal, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; ArgentinaFil: Taboga, Oscar Alberto. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gimenez, Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; ArgentinaFil: BelaunzarĂĄn, MarĂa Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; Argentin
Babesia bovis: lipids from virulent S2P and attenuated R1A strains trigger differential signalling and inflammatory responses in bovine macrophages
The intra-erythrocytic protozoan Babesia bovis is an economically important pathogen that causes an acute and often fatal infection in adult cattle. Babesiosis limitation depends on the early activation of macrophages, essential cells of the host innate immunity, which can generate an inflammatory response mediated by cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). Herein, we demonstrate in bovine macrophages that lipids from B. bovis attenuated R1A strain (LA) produced a stronger NO release, an early TNFα mRNA induction and 2-fold higher IL-12p35 mRNA levels compared to the lipids of virulent S2P strain (LV). Neither LA nor LV induced anti-inflammatory IL-10. Regarding signalling pathways, we here report that LA induced a significant phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) whereas LV only induced a reduced activation of ERK1/2. Besides, NF-ÎșB was activated by LA and LV, but LA produced an early degradation of the inhibitor IÎșB. Interestingly, LV and the majority of its lipid fractions, exerted a significant inhibition of concanavalin A-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation with respect to LA and its corresponding lipid fractions. In addition, we determined that animals infected with R1A developed a higher increase in IgM anti-phosphatidylcholine than those inoculated with S2P. Collectively, S2P lipids generated a decreased inflammatory response contributing to the evasion of innate immunity. Moreover, since R1A lipids induced a pro-inflammatory profile, we propose these molecules as good candidates for immunoprophylactic strategies against babesiosis.Fil: Gimenez, Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; ArgentinaFil: BelaunzarĂĄn, MarĂa Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; ArgentinaFil: Poncini, Carolina Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Federico Carlos. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en Ciencias Veterinarias y AgronĂłmicas. Instituto de BiotecnologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Echaide, Ignacio Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Zamorano, Patricia Ines. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en Ciencias Veterinarias y AgronĂłmicas. Instituto de VirologĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lammel, Estela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Stella Maris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; ArgentinaFil: Durante de Isola, Elvira Luisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en MicrobiologĂa y ParasitologĂa MĂ©dica; Argentin