Propiedades y usos del propóleo en odontología: una revisión

El propóleo es un material pegajoso de color oscuro obtenido de diversas plantas y mezclado con cera, deriva de las abejas quienes lo utilizan para proteger las colmenas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica acerca de las propiedades y usos del propóleo en odontología. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de reportes publicados de marzo del 2010 a marzo del 2020 en PubMed, Imbiomed, Medigraphic, SciELO y Google Scholar usando las palabras: propóleo, propiedades, usos. Se seleccionaron 39 artículos para la revisión. Las principales propiedades reportadas fueron: antimicrobiana, antiinflamatoria, inmunomodulador y cicatrizante. Los principales usos reportados abarcaron las siguientes áreas de la odontología: prevención de caries, endodoncia, periodoncia, prostodoncia y cirugía. En los últimos años, se ha puesto especial atención a las aplicaciones del propóleo ya que se ha demostrado su eficacia en distintas áreas de la odontología

ENAM Gene Variation in Students Exposed to Different Fluoride Concentrations

The ENAM gene is important in the formation of tooth enamel; an alteration can affect the lengthening of the crystals, and the thickness in enamel. The objective was to determine the presence of the single nucleotide variant (SNV) rs12640848 of the ENAM gene in students exposed to different concentrations of fluoride. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on students exposed to high concentrations of fluoride in the city of Durango which were divided according to the severity of fluorosis and dental caries. Genotype determination was performed by DNA sequencing. The relationship between the severity of dental fluorosis and the allele distribution was determined by the Fisher’s exact and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Seventy-one students were included for the sequencing. In the different allelic variations, for the normal genotype AA/TT, the control group presented 75%, for the AG/TC variation, 70.8% in the TF ≤ 4 group, 65% in TF ≥ 5, and 16.7% in TF = 0; with respect to GG/CC variation, 12.5% in TF ≤ 4, 22% in TF ≥ 5, and 8.3% in TF = 0 group (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The ENAM gene showed an association in the population exposed to different concentrations of fluorid

Propiedades y usos del propóleo en odontología: una revisión

El propóleo es un material pegajoso de color oscuro obtenido de diversas plantas y mezclado con cera, deriva de las abejas quienes lo utilizan para proteger las colmenas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica acerca de las propiedades y usos del propóleo en odontología. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de reportes publicados de marzo del 2010 a marzo del 2020 en PubMed, Imbiomed, Medigraphic, SciELO y Google Scholar usando las palabras: propóleo, propiedades, usos. Se seleccionaron 39 artículos para la revisión. Las principales propiedades reportadas fueron: antimicrobiana, antiinflamatoria, inmunomodulador y cicatrizante. Los principales usos reportados abarcaron las siguientes áreas de la odontología: prevención de caries, endodoncia, periodoncia, prostodoncia y cirugía. En los últimos años, se ha puesto especial atención a las aplicaciones del propóleo ya que se ha demostrado su eficacia en distintas áreas de la odontología

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health