A T-stem slip in human mitochondrial tRNA(Leu)(CUN) governs its charging capacity

The human mitochondrial tRNA(Leu)(CUN) [hmtRNA(Leu)(CUN)] corresponds to the most abundant codon for leucine in human mitochondrial protein genes. Here, in vitro studies reveal that the U48C substitution in hmtRNA(Leu)(CUN), which corresponds to the pathological T12311C gene mutation, improved the aminoacylation efficiency of hmtRNA(Leu)(CUN). Enzymatic probing suggested a more flexible secondary structure in the wild-type hmtRNA(Leu)(CUN) transcript compared with the U48C mutant. Structural analysis revealed that the flexibility of hmtRNA(Leu)(CUN) facilitates a T-stem slip resulting in two potential tertiary structures. Several rationally designed tRNA(Leu)(CUN) mutants were generated to examine the structural and functional consequences of the T-stem slip. Examination of these hmtRNA(Leu)(CUN) mutants indicated that the T-stem slip governs tRNA accepting activity. These results suggest a novel, self-regulation mechanism of tRNA structure and function

Run-to-Run Control for Active Balancing of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Packs

\ua9 1986-2012 IEEE. Lithium iron phosphate battery packs are widely employed for energy storage in electrified vehicles and power grids. However, their flat voltage curves rendering the weakly observable state of charge are a critical stumbling block for charge equalization management. This paper focuses on the real-time active balancing of series-connected lithium iron phosphate batteries. In the absence of accurate in situ state information in the voltage plateau, a balancing current ratio (BCR) based algorithm is proposed for battery balancing. Then, BCR-based and voltage-based algorithms are fused, responsible for the balancing task within and beyond the voltage plateau, respectively. The balancing process is formulated as a batch-based run-to-run control problem, as the first time in the research area of battery management. The control algorithm acts in two timescales, including timewise control within each batch run and batchwise control at the end of each batch. Hardware-in-the-loop experiments demonstrate that the proposed balancing algorithm is able to release 97.1% of the theoretical capacity and can improve the capacity utilization by 5.7% from its benchmarking algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can be coded in C language with the binary code in 118 328 bytes only and, thus, is readily implementable in real time

Green-light p-n Junction Particle Inhomogeneous Phase Enhancement of MgB2 Smart Meta-Superconductor

Improving the critical temperature (TC), critical magnetic field (HC), and critical current (JC) of superconducting materials has always been one of the most significant challenges in the field of superconductivity, but progress has been slow over the years. Based on the concept of injecting energy to enhance electron pairing states, in this study, we have employed a solid-state sintering method to fabricate a series of smart meta-superconductors (SMSCs) consisting of p-n junction nanostructures with a wavelength of 550 nm, doped within an MgB2 matrix. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to pure MgB2 samples, the critical transition temperature (TC) has increased by 1.2 K, the critical current (JC) has increased by 52.8%, and the Meissner effect (HC) shows significant improvement in its diamagnetic properties. This phenomenon of enhanced superconducting performance can be explained by the coupling between superconducting electrons and evanescent waves

Bio-oil production via catalytic solvolysis of biomass

Recent studies have found that biomass has great potential as a substitute for natural fossil fuels. Although pyrolysis has always been the option for biomass-to-biofuel conversion, liquefaction technology on the other hand appears to be another alternative to obtain valuable high energy products such as biofuel, gas and char due to some disadvantages of converting biomass to biofuel via pyrolysis. In this study, the optimization of liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) into bio-oil was studied over a series of supported Zn catalysts. 15 wt% of Zn supported on ZSM-5 showed the highest bio-oil yield conversion after the introduction of catalyst. GC-MS analysis of the bio-oil showed it to mainly consist of furfurals, followed by phenols and other minor compounds. Several parameters that were studied include the effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst composition, and catalyst loading on the product yield. The optimum conditions for the conversion of EFB (43.6%) to liquid products were 180 °C for 90 min with 0.5 wt% of 15% Zn supported on ZSM-5

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy goats in Shaanxi Province, Northwestern China

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Toxoplasma gondii </it>is an important zoonotic pathogen causing significant human and animal health problems. Infection in dairy goats not only results in significant reproductive losses, but also represents an important source of human infection due to consumption of infected meat and milk. In the present study we report for the first time seroprevalence of <it>T. gondii </it>infection in Guanzhong and Saanen dairy goats in Shaanxi province, Northwestern China.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Sera from 751 dairy goats from 9 farms in 6 counties were examined for <it>T. gondii </it>antibodies with an indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test. Antibodies to <it>T. gondii </it>were detected in 106 (14.1%) serum samples, with antibody titres ranging from 1:64 to 1:1024. Seropositive goats were found in all 9 farms and seroprevalences in Guanzhong (16.3%, 75/461) and Saanen (10.7%, 31/290) dairy goats were not statistically significantly different. All the factors (sex, age and location) reported in the present study affected prevalence of infection, and seroprevalence increased with age, suggesting postnatal acquisition of <it>T. gondii </it>infection.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results of the present survey indicate that infection by <it>T. gondii </it>is widely prevalent in dairy goats in Shaanxi province, Northwestern China, and this has implications for prevention and control of toxoplasmosis in this province.</p

Biomechanics and bioengineering of orthopedic and cardiovascular rehabilitation

Musculoskeletal problem, such as traumatic injury, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis, is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and is therefore a crucial branch of public health. Biomechanics has been proven to play a critical role in musculoskeletal pathology, treatment, and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation describes specialized healthcare dedicated to improving, maintaining, or restoring physiological strength, cognition, and mobility with maximized results. It helps an individual achieve the highest level of function or greatest independence and quality of life possible after illness, injury, or surgery using physical training, instruments, devices, or other methods. Advances in rehabilitation, including the theory, paradigm, protocol, modality, invention, and engineering, can improve the development of modern medicine and also the quality of life especially for the disabled and elderly people. The main focus of this special issue is on innovative theory and application of biomechanics to understand musculoskeletal pathology and to improve the techniques for the treatment and rehabilitation