Economic Feasibility of a Hog Slaughtering And Processing Facility In North Dakota

This report is one of a series being conducted under a special Research and Extension Rural Development Project at North Dakota State University as authorized by Title V of the Rural Development Act of 1972. The study was initiated and partial funding was provided through a grant from the North Dakota Business and Industrial Development Department.Agribusiness,

Analysis of defect structure in silicon. Characterization of SEMIX material. Silicon sheet growth development for the large area silicon sheet task of the low-cost solar array project

Statistically significant quantitative structural imperfection measurements were made on samples from ubiquitous crystalline process (UCP) Ingot 5848 - 13C. Important correlation was obtained between defect densities, cell efficiency, and diffusion length. Grain boundary substructure displayed a strong influence on the conversion efficiency of solar cells from Semix material. Quantitative microscopy measurements gave statistically significant information compared to other microanalytical techniques. A surface preparation technique to obtain proper contrast of structural defects suitable for quantimet quantitative image analyzer (QTM) analysis was perfected and is used routinely. The relationships between hole mobility and grain boundary density was determined. Mobility was measured using the van der Pauw technique, and grain boundary density was measured using quantitative microscopy technique. Mobility was found to decrease with increasing grain boundary density

A pop-up float recovery system for coastal oceanographic tripods

The recovery package described here was used as the primary retrieval system to recover tripod instrument platforms from a depth of 90 meters. The device uses dual in-line burn wires, one of which is acoustically commanded from the surface ship. The other is set to release by back-up timer, ensuring recovery in the event of a poor acoustic command channel. The burn wire activates spring loaded cam latches which release the float package and pull a ~ inch Dacron line to the surface. The float package is recovered and the line is used to winch the tripod to the surface for recovery by the ship's crane. Major benefits of the system are reliability, low cost, light weight, and use of many off-the-shelf components. The float package provides 50 pounds of buoyancy and is fabricated using commercial fish trawl net floats. The retrieval line container is separate from the float assembly, and is fabricated from plastic storage containers. The line is coiled and restricted to prevent unpackaging due to waves or current action. The system described here is not appropriate in areas of high current or great depth due to drag and dead weight of the lift line.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract No. N00014-89.J-1058

Parallel fabrication and single-electron charging of devices based on ordered, two-dimensional phases of organically functionalized metal nanocrystals

A parallel technique for fabricating single-electron, solid-state capacitance devices from ordered, two-dimensional closest-packed phases of organically functionalized metal nanocrystals is presented. The nanocrystal phases were prepared as Langmuir monolayers and subsequently transferred onto Al-electrode patterned glass substrates for device construction. Alternating current impedance measurements were carried out to probe the single-electron charging characteristics of the devices under both ambient and 77 K conditions. Evidence of a Coulomb blockade and step structure reminiscent of a Coulomb staircase is presented

The Zeeman effect in the G band

We investigate the possibility of measuring magnetic field strength in G-band bright points through the analysis of Zeeman polarization in molecular CH lines. To this end we solve the equations of polarized radiative transfer in the G band through a standard plane-parallel model of the solar atmosphere with an imposed magnetic field, and through a more realistic snapshot from a simulation of solar magneto-convection. This region of the spectrum is crowded with many atomic and molecular lines. Nevertheless, we find several instances of isolated groups of CH lines that are predicted to produce a measurable Stokes V signal in the presence of magnetic fields. In part this is possible because the effective Land\'{e} factors of lines in the stronger main branch of the CH A$^{2}\Delta$--X$^{2}\Pi$ transition tend to zero rather quickly for increasing total angular momentum $J$, resulting in a Stokes $V$ spectrum of the G band that is less crowded than the corresponding Stokes $I$ spectrum. We indicate that, by contrast, the effective Land\'{e} factors of the $R$ and $P$ satellite sub-branches of this transition tend to $\pm 1$ for increasing $J$. However, these lines are in general considerably weaker, and do not contribute significantly to the polarization signal. In one wavelength location near 430.4 nm the overlap of several magnetically sensitive and non-sensitive CH lines is predicted to result in a single-lobed Stokes $V$ profile, raising the possibility of high spatial-resolution narrow-band polarimetric imaging. In the magneto-convection snapshot we find circular polarization signals of the order of 1% prompting us to conclude that measuring magnetic field strength in small-scale elements through the Zeeman effect in CH lines is a realistic prospect.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures. To be published in the Astrophysical Journa

Report on Sediment Transport Events on Shelf and Slope (STRESS) field season 1 : Winter 1988-1989 Benthic Acoustic Stress Sensor (BASS)

Data on the effects of winter conditions on the transport of sediment on the continental shelf off Northern California were collected during the flrst year of the Sediment TRansport Events on Shelf and Slope (STRESS) Experiment. This experiment was done in conjunction with (Shelf Mixed Layer Experiment) SMILE and (Biological Effects on Coastal Ocean Sediment Transport) BECOST to provide a complete suite of measurements of nearshore dynamics, sediment transport, and biological interactions. This report includes a general description of the work accomplished during the frrst STRESS fleld season, carried out in the winter of 1988-1989 off the Northern California coast Three cruises were completed during the STRESS experiment, one each for deployment, turnaround, and r~overy of the instruments. This created two back-to-back sections of data, one from December 4, 1988 to January 23, 1989, and the other from January 29 to March 17, 1989. This report also documents in detail the use of the Benthic Acoustic Stress Sensor (BASS), and the associated acoustic data telemetry link in STRESS. BASS has been used in different configurations previously, but the acoustic telemetry system is new.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N000-14-89-J-105

Fabrication of integrated planar gunn diode and micro-cooler on GaAs substrate

We demonstrate fabrication of an integrated micro cooler with the planar Gunn diode and characterise its performance. First experimental results have shown a small cooling at the surface of the micro cooler. This is first demonstration of an integrated micro-cooler with a planar Gunn diode

Lithium-induced phase transitions in lead-free Bi0. 5Na0. 5TiO3 based ceramics

Lithium-substituted 0.95[0.94(Bi0.5Na(0.5–x)Lix)TiO3–0.06BaTiO3]–0.05CaTiO3 materials include the polar rhombohedral R3c and the weakly polar tetragonal P4bm phases. On increasing lithium content, the (R3c/P4bm) phase ratio decreased, while the rhombohedral and tetragonal lattice distortions remained the same. The temperature corresponding to the shoulder in the dielectric permittivity shows no clear shift with respect to lithium substitution because of the rhombohedral distortion remaining constant. Electrical poling produced an increase of the rhombohedral phase fraction together with a rise of the rhombohedral and tetragonal distortion. This confirmed the occurrence of a phase transition from the weakly polar to the polar phase during electrical poling. Four peaks found in the current–electric field (I–E) loops are related to reversible electric field induced transitions. By studying the temperature dependence of the current peaks in the I–E loops, it was found that the minimum temperature where these electric field induced transitions take place decreases with increasing lithium substitution

Programmable deposition of thin films of a user-defined profile with nanometer scale accuracy

An inkjet-based process for programmable deposition of thin films of a user-defined profile. Drops of a pre-cursor liquid organic material are dispensed at various locations on a substrate by a multi-jet. A superstrate is held in a roll-to-roll configuration such that a first contact of the drops is made by a front side of the superstrate thereby initiating a liquid front that spreads outward merging with the drops to form a contiguous film captured between the substrate and the superstrate. A non-equilibrium transient state of the superstrate, the contiguous film and the substrate then occurs after a duration of time. The contiguous film is then cured to crosslink it into a polymer. The superstrate is then separated from the polymer thereby leaving a polymer film on the substrate. In such a manner, non-uniform films can be formed without significant material wastage in an inexpensive manner.Board of Regents, University of Texas Syste

On the 3D steady flow of a second grade fluid past an obstacle

We study steady flow of a second grade fluid past an obstacle in three space dimensions. We prove existence of solution in weighted Lebesgue spaces with anisotropic weights and thus existence of the wake region behind the obstacle. We use properties of the fundamental Oseen tensor together with results achieved in \cite{Koch} and properties of solutions to steady transport equation to get up to arbitrarily small \ep the same decay as the Oseen fundamental solution