Efficacy of gaseous ozone at high concentrations against Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and Ephestia cautella (Walker) in Almond [Bademde yüksek konsantrasyonlarda ozon gazi uygulamasinin Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) ve Ephestia cautella (Walker)' ya karşi etkinli?i]

In this study efficacy of gaseous ozone at high concentrations and short exposure time against all life stages of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) ve Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in almond was investigated under laboratory conditions. All life stages of E. cautella and P. interpunctella placed at the top and bottom position of 1.3 kg almond in fumigation chamber were exposed to two different concentrations (8.35 and 33.33 mg/l) of ozone flush treatment at 30 minute intervals for 6 hour. The results of biological tests indicated that ozone treatment at 33.33 mg/l concentration resulted in % 100 or nearly % 100 mortalities of only adult and pupa stage of E. cautella and all life stages of P. interpunctella placed at top position of the almond. However, ozone treatments at lower concentration (8.35 mg/l) caused nearly % 100 mortalities of only adult and pupa stage of P. interpunctella at placed at top position of the almond. It was clear that ozone treatments at low concentration (8.35 mg/l) resulted in significantly lower mortalities of all life stages of E. cautella and P. interpunctella than those at high concentration (33.33 mg/l). Generally, in all ozone treatments the mortalities of tested insects placed at top position of the almond were higher than those placed at bottom position of the almond. Notably, it was hard to kill the larvae and eggs of E. cautella and P. interpunctella placed at bottom position of the almond. Moreover, it was found that E. cautella was more tolerant to ozone treatments than P. interpunctella except their egg stage. In conclusion, this study shows that ozone treatment at high concentrations and short exposure time could not be effective alternative to methyl bromide for the rapid disinfestations of the almonds since it did not cause the complete mortality of all life stages of E. cautella and P. interpunctella on almond. © 2015, Entomological Society of Turkey. All rights reserved

Effect of Weather Conditions, Location and Fertilization on Coriander Fruit Essential Oil Quality

Coriander was grown for seed in the field experiment conducted on three localities during two years by applying six different fertilization regimes. There were 11 compounds identified in the coriander essential oil by GC-MS. The main component was linalool with 73.23%, followed by -pinene (8.43%), terpinene (7.64%), camphor (3.07%), limonene (1.78%) and geranyl acetate (1.57%), while other compounds (camphene, p-cymene, -pinene, myrcene and sabinene) were present in less than 1%. The content of all compounds was strongly influenced by weather conditions during the year, while the application of different fertilizers significantly influenced the content of linalool, -pinene, -terpinene and limonene. However, the influence of location was not statistically significant. It can be concluded that growing coriander in dry climate is more favorable for linalool accumulation in essential oil than moderate to humid climate. Also, fertilization positively influences linalool content in coriander essential oil