Multifactorial vector of regional agriculture development

The article reveals the agriculture development potential of the Volgograd region enabling to move to the stable type of reproduction as well as its factors: the natural conditions, location, technological types of production, agrarian structure, horizontal and vertical integrations, state support. The methodological approach of the differentiation of green box subsidies is approved, the mechanism of its realization is proposed. The evidence base is substantiated by the long-term research of the soil intensification and soil quality factors influencing the soil productivity in the region.Within the boundaries of the existing natural areas, the following zones of territorial and economic development are allocated: the zones of competitive and efficient grain production; the zone of commercial sun flower production; the zones of territory and priority development. The criterion signs of their development are formulated. Alongside with the natural factor, the following factors were accepted as a criterion: the level of production adaptability and development of rural areas, the displacement of population, customary lifestyle, the arrangement of production infrastructure, resources, the structure of the agrarian economy. The evolutionary entrance of small agribusiness into the innovation-based economy has been reasoned as well as the creation on this basis of a special sector of agrarian economy—organic agriculture, which is reasonable to develop in the eld of dairy cattle-breeding and vegetable-growing.A strategic analysis of the technological types of production existing in the regional agriculture in the context of organizational units and activities is presented. These are: industrial type with innovative elements, extensive and intensive type with innovative elements, extensive and intensive type, extensive type. They provide modernization as a factor of the evolutionary formation of the innovation-based economy in the agrarian sector.Considering the global tendencies, the priorities of increasing the availability of agricultural mass producer in the market realized within a cluster, agricultural holding, cooperative are grounded

The Mechanism for Identifying and Responding to Real and Potential Threats in the System of Ensuring Economic Security in Innovation and Investment Policy

Forming the concept of the essence of economic security of innovation and investment policy makes it possible to use it as the foundation for making managerial decisions aimed at enhancing such attributes of sustainability as competitiveness, paying capacity, enterprise, and adaptability. The mechanism for identifying and responding to real and potential threats in the system of ensuring economic security in the innovation and investment policy will make it possible to carry out a set of interrelated measures of an economic, legal, organizational nature: to formulate and apply a system of measures to predict risks; to prevent impacts leading to the weakening of internal and external threats to vital cycles in innovation and investment policy at the macro, meso and micro levels; provide a sense of security for the management and personnel, as well as capital involved in innovation and investment policy. The article explores the areas of economic security based on the "Eulerian circles", reflecting different levels of security

Proproten in Alleviating the Anticipatory Anxiety: Results of Experimental Study

Proceedings of the 9th International Multidisciplinary Conference «Stress and Behavior» Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 16–19 May 2005.Proproten, ultra-low doses of antibodies to brain S-100 protein for oral use (orally disintegrating tablets), have been successfully marketed in Russia since 1999 as a treatment option for alcohol withdrawal. In the earlier experimental studies, proproten was shown to possess a unique psychotropic profile including anxiolytic, anti-depressant and neuroprotective properties. The anticipatory anxiety of pain related to a medical procedure is one of the main problems of public health. The anticipation of pain is perhaps the biggest deterrent to the acceptance of professional dental care. The anticipation of pain phenomenon has been documented by an impressive number of clinical and experimental studies. Recently, research interest has moved to the effects of pain anticipation and the possibility of preventing them. This presented research was aimed at studying the influence of proproten on conditioned anxiety in the «anticipation of pain» test.Methods. Adult white outbread male rats (200–220 g) were exposed to an uncontrollable stressful condition (10 inescapable electric foot shocks, 0.45 mA, duration of 1 s in a 2 s interval) in a stainless steel grid floor chamber («Lafayette Instrument Co», USA). After the procedure the animals were taken out of the chamber and left in a cage given free access to water and food. The next day, in a 24-hour period, the rats were again placed in the chamber where they had experienced earlier foot shock for 5 min; although the painful stimuli were not delivered, the rats were stressed. The conditioned emotional response without and under provocation (a pencil was pointed to the rat’s head) was assessed during 4 min. The rats received 2.5 ml/kg of proproten i.g. (n = 20) or vehicle (n = 20) 30 min before they were placed in the chamber for the second time. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug.Results and discussions. The rats placed in the chamber where the electric shock had been delivered earlier showed a strong response to stress. The freezing reaction was found in 45 % of rats (55 % — under provocation), 35 % of animals were active (40 % — under provocation), while only 20 % of rats showed exploratory behavior (5 % — under provocation). The incidence of defecation, urination, and tachypnoe under the stressful conditions was rather high (Table 1). Proproten as well as diazepam greatly reduced the number of stress-induced events. Under stressful conditions, the proproten-treated animals were active 3 times as often as the diazepam-treated ones (4 times — under provocation). Notably, the anti-stress effect of proproten was more pronounced when the stress of anticipation of pain was aggravated by additional provocation. The incidence of freezing was 3 times lower in the group given proproten compared with diazepam (Table 1).Conclusions. In the «anticipation of pain» test, the anti-stress activity of proproten was equal to that of diazepam. Proproten exerted influence on both the rats with active, aggressive behavior and on the animals freezing in the response to the stress, while diazepam mostly modified the active stress-related behavior. In conclusion, proproten was shown to meet the medical needs of the patients who are about to undergo medical procedures and show anticipatory anxiety. Randomized clinical trials are to be conducted to confirm the above-mentioned activity in clinical practice

Proproten in Alleviating the Anticipatory Anxiety: Results of Experimental Study

Proceedings of the 9th International Multidisciplinary Conference «Stress and Behavior» Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 16–19 May 2005.Proproten, ultra-low doses of antibodies to brain S-100 protein for oral use (orally disintegrating tablets), have been successfully marketed in Russia since 1999 as a treatment option for alcohol withdrawal. In the earlier experimental studies, proproten was shown to possess a unique psychotropic profile including anxiolytic, anti-depressant and neuroprotective properties. The anticipatory anxiety of pain related to a medical procedure is one of the main problems of public health. The anticipation of pain is perhaps the biggest deterrent to the acceptance of professional dental care. The anticipation of pain phenomenon has been documented by an impressive number of clinical and experimental studies. Recently, research interest has moved to the effects of pain anticipation and the possibility of preventing them. This presented research was aimed at studying the influence of proproten on conditioned anxiety in the «anticipation of pain» test.Methods. Adult white outbread male rats (200–220 g) were exposed to an uncontrollable stressful condition (10 inescapable electric foot shocks, 0.45 mA, duration of 1 s in a 2 s interval) in a stainless steel grid floor chamber («Lafayette Instrument Co», USA). After the procedure the animals were taken out of the chamber and left in a cage given free access to water and food. The next day, in a 24-hour period, the rats were again placed in the chamber where they had experienced earlier foot shock for 5 min; although the painful stimuli were not delivered, the rats were stressed. The conditioned emotional response without and under provocation (a pencil was pointed to the rat’s head) was assessed during 4 min. The rats received 2.5 ml/kg of proproten i.g. (n = 20) or vehicle (n = 20) 30 min before they were placed in the chamber for the second time. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug.Results and discussions. The rats placed in the chamber where the electric shock had been delivered earlier showed a strong response to stress. The freezing reaction was found in 45 % of rats (55 % — under provocation), 35 % of animals were active (40 % — under provocation), while only 20 % of rats showed exploratory behavior (5 % — under provocation). The incidence of defecation, urination, and tachypnoe under the stressful conditions was rather high (Table 1). Proproten as well as diazepam greatly reduced the number of stress-induced events. Under stressful conditions, the proproten-treated animals were active 3 times as often as the diazepam-treated ones (4 times — under provocation). Notably, the anti-stress effect of proproten was more pronounced when the stress of anticipation of pain was aggravated by additional provocation. The incidence of freezing was 3 times lower in the group given proproten compared with diazepam (Table 1).Conclusions. In the «anticipation of pain» test, the anti-stress activity of proproten was equal to that of diazepam. Proproten exerted influence on both the rats with active, aggressive behavior and on the animals freezing in the response to the stress, while diazepam mostly modified the active stress-related behavior. In conclusion, proproten was shown to meet the medical needs of the patients who are about to undergo medical procedures and show anticipatory anxiety. Randomized clinical trials are to be conducted to confirm the above-mentioned activity in clinical practice