2021 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

peer reviewedIn March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and mended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, yriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and ammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/ or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV. © 2020, This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply

Evaluation of the optical porosity in time of windbreaks in the Czech Republic

Zadrzewienia śródpolne (wiatrołomy) są w krajobrazie rolniczym ważnymi liniowymi formacjami roślinnymi. Istotne znaczenie ma ich funkcja przeciwerozyjna, nemniej jednak znacząca jest także ich wielofunkcyjność. To, jaką funkcję w krainie może spełniać zadrzewienie śródpolne decyduje jego struktura. W terenie, porowatość rzeczywistą - aerodynamiczną jest bardzo trudno określić ilościowo, dlatego też bardzo często określa się ją w przybliżeniu za pomocą porowatości optycznej. Porowatość optyczna określana jest przy użyciu zdjęć cyfrowych oraz odpowiedniego oprogramowania. Ocena dynamiki porowatości optycznej w czasie określa zmiany w przepuszczalności zadrzewienia śródpolnego (wiatrołomu). Poznanie oraz ochrona zadrzewień śródpolnych prowadzi do wspierania trwale zrównoważonej gospodarki rolnej w krajobrazie rolniczym.Windbreaks are important vegetation line formations in rural landscape. They have polyfunctional significance and in particularly provide soil protection from erosion. The means of it function in the landscape is predetermined by its structure. The most important structure factors are considered their height and porosity. The actual, i.e. aerodynamical porosity, can hardly be quantified in the landscape and therefore it is often assesed by optical porosity determination. The optical porosity is determined by digital photographies and suitable software. By evaluation of the dynamics of the optical porosity in time, alterations in porosity of the windbreaks can be observed. The recognition and subsequent protection of the windbreaks leads to improved sustainable development in rural landscape

On the mechanism of asymmetric allylation of aldehydes with allyltrichlorosi lanes catalyzed by QUINOX, a chiral lsoquinoline N-oxide

Allylation of aromatic alclehydes 1a-m with allyl- and crotyl-trichlorosilanes 2-4, catalyzed by the chiral N-oxide QUINOX (9), has been found to exhibit a significant dependence on the electronics of the aldehyde, with p-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde 1g and its p-methoxy counterpart 1h affording the corresponding homoallylic alcohols 6g,h in 96 and 16% ee, respectively, at -40 degrees C. The kinetic and computational data indicate that the reaction is likely to proceed via an associative pathway involving neutral, octahedral silicon complex 22 with only one molecule of the catalyst involved in the rate- and selectivity-determining step. The crotylation with (E) and (Z)-crotyltrichlorosilanes 3 and 4 is highly diastereoselective, suggesting the chairlike transition state 5, which is supported by computational data. High-level quantum chemical calculations further suggest that attractive aromatic interactions between the catalyst 9 and the aldehyde 1 contribute to the enantiodifferentiation and that the dramatic drop in enantioselectivity, observed with the electron-rich aldehyde 1h, originates from narrowing the energy gap between the (R)- and (S)reaction channels in the associative mechanism (22). Overall, a good agreement between the theoretically predicted enantioselectivities for la and 1h and the experimental data allowed to understand the specific aspects of the reaction mechanism

Relaxation phenomena induced by edge biasing experiments in the CASTOR tokamak

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