The British Empire’s southern Dominions and the emergence of the League of Nations “C” mandates, 1914–1926: Origins, administration and international oversight

This thesis examines the impacts of changing international opinion during the First World War regarding the expansion of colonial Empires, in this particular case the British Empire, and the desire to prevent annexation and place captured territories into a system of international oversight. By examining the period 1914 – 1925, I clarify the process by which Great Britain and her Dominions moved from a political position of wishing to annex former German colonies to one of accepting and operating within a system of international oversight. The time period studied includes the arrival of the United States as a major international power that plays a major part in the establishment of the mandates system together with the emergence of the Dominions as equal partners within the empire. My research strategy includes an analysis of British Empire archival material and the League of Nations archival material. Data has been collected from archives, parliamentary papers, newspapers, and published reports as well as building upon the existing secondary sources. This thesis adds to the existing literature by examining the League of Nations C class Mandates administered by Britain and the Southern Dominions as a complete unit and demonstrates the complex international scene that was created both within the British Empire and at Geneva by the changing international order during the war period and its aftermath. We find areas of contention and conciliation on issues such as over of German property, the citizenship of Germans who remain, and sovereignty in a new internationalized imperial context. The obligations of the ‘sacred trust’ are embodied and measured on issues such as education and labour. The southern Dominions and the PMC both thought that educating the indigenous inhabitants and having them in gainful employment would slowly bring them to a civilized point. Against these measures the mandatory powers and mandate oversight system would be found wanting.2021-10-3

Language, politics, and method : grounding a computational hermeneutic

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 363-372).by Gavan Duffy.Ph.D

The groups

This thesis deals with the history of the Catholic Social Studies Movement (the Movement), the ALP Industrial Groups and the events leading up to the split in the Labor Party which occurred between 1955 and 1957. These events are portrayed and analysed from the perspective of the Movement and the Industrial Groups. The thesis challenges many of the conventional propositions as to the reasons for, and the facts surrounding the split. Directly challenged is the view that Herbert Vere Evatt was a principled champion of traditional Labor values who acted expeditiously to save the Australian Labor Party from being subverted by a Machiavellian Catholic layman, B.A. Santamaria, for the 'sinister' purposes of Catholic action. Also challenged is the suggestion that the ideology and policies of Movement activists within the Labor Party, were contrary to Labor's platform. It will be argued to the contrary, that Labor in the fifties was impeded by doctrinaire Marxist theory, and hence, the radicalism of the Movement did not sit easily with many of the older power brokers within the labor movement. It will also be argued that The Movement was formed on the initiative of the late B.A. Santamaria and a few associates only after repeated requests from Labour politicians and unionists, often motivated by quite selfish concerns, for assistance in the struggle against Communism in the trade unions. Emphasis will be placed in this thesis on the importance and the role of anti-Catholic sectarianism as a weapon of the Communists and the Extreme Left of the Labor movement against their opponents. An emphasis will be placed on the importance of anti-Catholic sectarianism in determining the outcome of the struggle within the Labor Party and the nature of the split. It will be suggested that Dr Evatt's attack on The Movement and the industrial groups of the 5 October 1954 could not have succeeded without the divisiveness of sectarianism, never far beneath the surface in Australian society of the 50s and 60s. The impact of the Petrov Affair on the internal politics of the Labor party is canvassed. In this regard startling new evidence is advanced by the writer that the ALP parliamentary leader, Dr. Herbert V. Evatt had, in October 1953, several months before the establishment of the Petrov Royal Commission, knowledge of, or at the very least strong grounds for suspicion that his press secretary Fergan O'Sullivan, was a source of information for the Communist party and Ergo, Soviet intelligence. It will also be stated that for reasons known only to himself and about which one can only surmise, Evatt failed to act on the intelligence provided to him concerning the activities of O'Sullivan. Historically speaking, the implications of this revelation concerning Dr Evatt and Fergan 0' Sullivan are considerable

The British Empire’s southern Dominions and the emergence of the League of Nations “C” mandates, 1914–1926: Origins, administration and international oversight

This thesis examines the impacts of changing international opinion during the First World War regarding the expansion of colonial Empires, in this particular case the British Empire, and the desire to prevent annexation and place captured territories into a system of international oversight. By examining the period 1914 – 1925, I clarify the process by which Great Britain and her Dominions moved from a political position of wishing to annex former German colonies to one of accepting and operating within a system of international oversight. The time period studied includes the arrival of the United States as a major international power that plays a major part in the establishment of the mandates system together with the emergence of the Dominions as equal partners within the empire. My research strategy includes an analysis of British Empire archival material and the League of Nations archival material. Data has been collected from archives, parliamentary papers, newspapers, and published reports as well as building upon the existing secondary sources. This thesis adds to the existing literature by examining the League of Nations C class Mandates administered by Britain and the Southern Dominions as a complete unit and demonstrates the complex international scene that was created both within the British Empire and at Geneva by the changing international order during the war period and its aftermath. We find areas of contention and conciliation on issues such as over of German property, the citizenship of Germans who remain, and sovereignty in a new internationalized imperial context. The obligations of the ‘sacred trust’ are embodied and measured on issues such as education and labour. The southern Dominions and the PMC both thought that educating the indigenous inhabitants and having them in gainful employment would slowly bring them to a civilized point. Against these measures the mandatory powers and mandate oversight system would be found wanting.2021-10-3

Language Analysis for Peace Science

I assign myself an apparently simple task in this essay. I seek to justify my belief that peace science ought to accommodate substantive analyses grounded in language and logic. Moreover, it should encourage and sustain efforts to develop methodological forms that support such analyses. Our shared intellectual heritage complexifies my task. Owing to our location in the intellectual history of social science, we have each been trained in methodological practices consonant with our mostly positive and behavioral legacies. The success of these practices is beyond dispute. They are pertinent to a wide range of questions of interest to peace scientists. It thus befalls to me to show that language modeling would widen that range. But I must first show that questions exist for which positive and behavioral methods are less well-suited than language methods. Once I complete these tasks, I illustrate my meaning by describing briefly the language methods I have used in my empirical work.