Non-chemical control measures of Senecio vulgaris L.

Environmental constraints of crop production systems have stimulated interest in alternative weed management strategies, as the continued use of synthetic herbicides has resulted in serious ecological problems, such as weeds resistance to important herbicides and increased environmental pollution and health hazards. The aim of this study was to test the bioherbicidal activity of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on weed species Senecio vulgaris L., in 2019, at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad. In order to examine a phytotoxic effect, plants were treated with 1 and 5% (v/v) concentration of rosemary essential oil, kitchen salt NaCl (1:8), wine vinegar solution (1:10), and glyphosate, while the control variants remained untreated. The evaluation was carried out 1, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours after application. Essential oils of rosemary in both concentrations and wine vinegar solution (1:10) had good efficacy compared to the control. High efficacy was in the treatment with NaCl solution and glyphosate, and complete decay of S. vulgaris plants occurred 144h after application. Phytotoxic changes in the form of turgor loss, chlorotic, then necrotic spots, were determined on the tested weed species 24h from the application of NaCl and glyphosate, while from essential oil first symptoms have appeared after 48h

Economic Feasibility of Chemical Weed Control in Soybean Production in Serbia

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and phytotoxicity of herbicides in combinations and to determine their economic feasibility in the soybean crop. The trials were placed at two locations, Pobeda and Budisava (Serbia), during 2016 and 2018, organized in a randomized block design with four replicates of all herbicide combinations (metribuzin + S-metolachlor; imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl; metribuzin + S-metolachlor + imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl; and bentazon + imazamox + typhenesulfuron-methyl). At the first location, 16 weed species were determined, while in the second location, 14 were determined. The highest reduction in the number of weeds was achieved at the first location, using a combination of herbicides metribuzin + S-metolachlor + imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl with a total efficacy that ranged from 96.98% to 97.40%. Only on the second location bentazone + imazamox + tifensulfuron-methyl showed passable phytotoxicity on soybean, during both years. Based on the established economic justification, in the combinations of metribuzin + S-metolachlor + imazamox + oxasulfuron + typhenesulfuron-methyl, yield was increased for 2350 kg/ha or 1.91 times more, according to the untreated variant at first location. The economic injury level at the most effective combination of herbicides was 52.70 weeds/m(2)

Residual impact of the reduced amount of mesotrione and residual impact of the reduced amount of mesotrione and terbuthylazine from different preparations

The aim was to determine the sensitivity of the pea plants to the soil residues by subjective evaluation and measuring the height after application of the reduced amounts of the herbicide combination of mesotrione and terbuthylazine. The experiment with tested herbicides was placed at the location of Žabalj (Serbia). After 14 days of application the average plant height was the highest (5cm) in 1/8X of the applied amount of mesotrione 50 g/l + terbuthylazine 326 g/l and then decreased with the increase in the amount, which also applies to the amounts of mesotrione 50 g/l + terbuthylazine 125 g/l, where the highest average height was 5.54 cm. The percentage of plants damage 14 days after treatment of mesotrione 50 g/l + and terbuthylazine in a higher amount 326 g/l was in the range of 38-79%, while after 21 days the percentage of damage was 60-89%. Preparation based on active substance mesotrione 50 g/l + terbuthylazine 125 g/l caused a percentage of damage to pea plants in the range of 30% (1/8X) to 85% (4X), but when peas were in the four trifoliate leaf stage 21 days after the treatment percentage of damage was 60-98%. All treated pea plants were dried after 25 days of setting up the experiment, except the control where the height of plants was 9 cm

Herbicides application in spring row crops

The level of weed infestation of maize and sunflower differs over locations and directly affects the intensity of the competitive relationships between crops and weeds, which results in lower or greater yield losses. The experiment with tested herbicides was placed at Lipar (Serbia) during 2017. Efficacy and phytotoxicity was evaluated according EPPO/OEPP standards. The dominant weeds were: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Chenopodium album L., Chenopodium hybridum L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Datura stramonium L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Sinapis arvensis L., Xanthium strumarium L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Setaria glauca L., Sorghum halerense (L.) Pers., Echinochloa crus-gali L., Agropyrum repens L. In the maize presence of invasive weed species Thladiantha dubia L., was found. Isoxaflutole, herbicide for soil application had good efficacy on weeds in maize crop. Fluorochloridone, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor had good efficacy on all weeds in sunflower, except for broad-leaf species Convolvulus arvensis L

Estimate of control measures for aquatic macrophytes in Bečej-Bogojevo channel - Serbia

From June to August 2016, a field survey of the distribution of aquatic macrophytes was performed along Bečej-Bogojevo channel, survey mark 0+250-1+600km. In this research taxonomy and vegetation of macrophytes are given. Dominant aquatic macrophytes were identified as well as their morphological and biological characteristics. Based on results at 10 locations of the Bečej-Bogojevo channel 16 weed species were determined. The main aquatic macrophytes occurring in study area are Ceratophyllum demersum L., Trapa natans L., and Salvinia natans L.All. Mechanical control measures were effective on all identified species except Salvinia natans (L). All. which is restores from fragments, while from biological measures in our country only the introduction of the grass carp species is applied (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844)

Weed composition and control in apple orchards under intensive and extensive floor management

Weed control in apple tree (Malus domestica [Suckow] Borkh.) orchards continues to be a major problem. Weeds compete with fruit trees, which is manifested in production quality and quantity. The aim of this study was to determine the weed flora of apple orchards with different floor management practices and to investigate the efficacy of the diquat, oxyfluorfen, glyphosate, and fluazifop-P-butyl herbicides. Experiments were conducted during 2015 and 2016 in orchards under intensive (Ruski Krstur) and extensive (Sombor) floor management. Annual, perennial broad-leaf, and grass weeds were identified. Dominant weed species in both apple orchards were Poa annua, Hordeum murinum, Conyza canadensis, Portulaca oleracea, Cynodon dactylon, Sorghum halepense, Carduus acanthoides, Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense, Chenopodium album, and Solanum nigrum. After the first and second assessments, the best results occurred with glyphosate in both orchards and total efficacy ranged from 88.42% to 98.32% in the orchard under intensive floor management and 90.32% to 95.55% in the orchard under extensive floor management. Diquat and oxyfluorfen have shown good results, but their efficacy was lower than for glyphosate. Fluazifop-P-butyl, as a selective herbicide, showed low efficacy at both sites; it had high efficacy on grass weeds, but no effects on broad-leaf weeds

Method for the determination of triclopyr residues in soil

In this study, a method for the determination of triclopyr in soil samples has been developed. The analyte was extracted with acidified acetonitrile, while the determination and quantification of triclopyr were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detection. Optimal HPLC-DAD conditions were: mobile phase acetonitrile and 0.1% H3PO4 (50:50), the flow rate of 0.9 ml/min, and 220 nm of wavelength. In terms of method validation, accuracy (expressed as recovery), linearity, precision (RSD) and LOQ were determined. Obtained results for the recovery using this method, at the three spiking levels, were 81-93%. Precision, expressed as RSD, was 9.1%, while the LOQ was 0.01 mg/kg. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed method could be applied for the analysis of triclopyr residues in the soil samples

Is There a Possibility to Involve the Hormesis Effect on the Soybean with Glyphosate Sub-Lethal Amounts Used to Control Weed Species Amaranthus retroflexus L.?

Sub-lethal doses of herbicides can promote plant growth and have a positive effect on an organism this is called hormesis. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of sub-lethal doses of glyphosate on soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) (1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 36, 180, and 720 g ha(-1)) and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (7.2, 36, 180, 720, 1440, and 2880 g ha(-1)). Different biological parameters, such as phytotoxicity, fresh weight, root length, content of photosynthetic pigments, and shikimate concentration, were measured. Glyphosate in doses of 1440 and 2880 g ha(-1) destroyed A. retroflexus plants. A fresh weight of A. retroflexus at a dose of 36 g ha(-1) was reduced by 76.31%, while for the soybean it was reduced by 19.26%. At the highest dose, the shikimate concentration was 145% in the soybean, while in A. retroflexus, the concentration increased by 58.80% compared to the control plants. All doses of glyphosate were statistically significantly different in terms of chlorophyll a content, while higher doses in A. retroflexus caused chlorophyll b to decrease. The change in the production of carotenoids was not statistically significant. The results showed that sub-lethal amounts of glyphosate did not lead to stimulation of measured parameters of soybean

Distribution of the Invasive Species Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle Along the Danube River Banks on the Territory of Novi Sad

As an invasive species, Ailanthus altissima (P.Mill) Swingle can pose a serious threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. The purpose of this research is to determine the distribution of A. altissima along the Danube river bank in the urban and ruderal areas of Novi Sad during the period 2017-2018. The level of weediness was determined using the European Weed Research Society (EWRS) method based on the investigated species count per 1 m2 (in 10 repetitions). A total of 7 localities with a widespread population of the species were identified and examined. The largest number of A. altissima individuals featured tree heights of up to 1 m, followed by trees of up to 10 m in height, whereas older trees exceeding 10 m in height accounted for the smallest number of individuals. The species examined was found to be predominant on chernozem and alluvial soils

Analyzing the Banking Business: Relevance of Service Value for the Satisfaction and Loyalty of Consumers

This research paper defines service value as the multidimensional overall user evaluation of the efficiency of a particular service in the context of the benefits they provide, measured through satisfaction and loyalty of consumers and, in this particular case, of entrepreneurs. By distributing a questionnaire comprising a set of descriptive questions and a five-point Likert scale, the authors managed to collect 281 valid responses from entrepreneurs in Serbia. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the impact of service value factors on satisfaction and, ultimately, loyalty. Following a confirmatory factor analysis, the authors found that quality, personal relationship, expediency, leadership, and perceived costs significantly impacted the bank users’ satisfaction, which is ultimately converted into lasting loyalty towards the dominant bank used in a daily routine or running personal business. Even though new forms of business are more and more focused on the individual and subjective attitude towards banking service, a large number of determinants still need to be identified. In this research, all hypotheses about the influencing factors were confirmed