Column drop: making CNNs invariant to image cropping

We introduce a new regularization technique column drop which uses inner structure of CNNs for classification to make its output invariant to random crops of input image. Use of this regularization eliminates need in data augmentation by random image cropping under some conditions on architecture of CNN. We show that application of column drop to pooling layers leads to improvement in generalization compared with use of dropout for pooling layers.В статті описано новий метод регуляризації column drop для навчання згорткових нейронних мереж для класифікації, що робить їх інваріантними до вибору підзображення. Використання такої регуляризації відкидає необхідність в розширенні навчальної вибірки зображень за допомогою вибору випадкових підзображень, за певних умов на архітектуру мережі. Застосування column drop до pooling шарів мережі призводить до покращення точності класифікації на тестовій вибірці у порівнянні з використанням методу dropout для pooling шарів

RELATIONSHIP OF LIPID PEROXIDATION PROCESSES AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC VASCULAR CHANGES AND INDICATORS ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CKD STAGES II-IV

The aim of our study was to determine the relationship of processes of atherogenesis and indicators of endothelial dysfunction with the processes of activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and chronic inflammation in patients with CKD stages II-IV. Material and methods. Levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, indicators of lipid peroxidation, the thickness of the intima-media (IMT) of the carotid artery, ankle-brachial index (ABI) were measured in 90 patients with CKD stage II-IV (30 - CKD st. II, 31 patients with CKD st. III and 29 st. IV CKD patients) and 30 healthy subjects (control group). The correlation analysis was performed to identify the possible association between the obtained parameters of atherosclerotic vascular lesions and endothelial dysfunction and indices of lipid peroxidation and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results. The average levels of interferon-y, interleukin (IL) -1p and IL-10 in patients with CKD II-IV Art. were significantly increased compared with the corresponding values in the control group. The average levels of malondialde- hyde (MDA) of serum and MDA of erythrocyte in CKD patients was significantly increased compared with the corresponding values in the control group, and the antioxidant system indices - total peroxidase activity of erythrocytes and serum levels of the sulfhydrylgroups was significantly reduced relative to the corresponding values in the group control. 39 (43%) patients with CKD st. II-IV were recorded carotid atherosclerotic changes. The IMT (from 0.91 to 1.29 mm) defined in 22 (56%) patients and atherosclerotic plaques (IMT > 1,3 mm) defined in 17 (44%) patients. Bilateral carotid atherosclerotic lesions was observed in 14 (36%) patients with CKD st. II-IV. Endothelial dysfunction was observed in 71 (79%) patients with CKD st. II-IV. There was a statistically significant association between indicators of chronic inflammation, lipid peroxidation and indicators of atherosclerotic vascular lesions and endothelial dysfunction. Conclusion. Pathological processes ofLPO activation, chronic inflammation are closely linked between themselves and progression of atherosclerotic vascular lesions in CKD

Peculiarities of measles clinical manifestations and course

The article presents a review of the literature on the features of clinical manifestations and the course of measles in recent years during the epidemics in Europe, as well as the results of our own researches regarding patients who have been treated in medical institutions of Ukraine