Asian cities in the global maritime network since the late nineteenth century

Asian cities have long concentrated a significant share of world maritime trade and the current situation in the early XXIth century is by no means new. This research proposes an empirical analysis of global maritime flows with a particular focus on Asian cities between 1890 and 2008, based on available information on merchant vessel movements obtained from Lloyd's List. The research maps and compares noticeable traffic shifts among Asian port cities as well as their individual port growth trajectories.Les villes d'Asie concentrent depuis longtemps une part non négligeable du commerce maritime mondial, et la situation à l'aube du XXIème siècle n'a en effet rien de très nouveau. Cette recherche fournit une analyse empirique des flux maritimes mondiaux de 1890 à 2008 à partir des archives de Lloyd's List sur les mouvements de navires. Les résultats principaux permettent de visualiser l'évolution des trafics entre villes asiatiques et leurs trajectoires portuaires individuelles

Les zones franches coréennes

The free economic zones of North and South Korea are approached through economic development and national planning policies in the respective countries. Each category of free-zone is analyzed according to its specific rules, whereas Masan and Incheon receive more detailed attention.Les zones franches de Corée du Nord et du Sud sont abordées sous l'angle des politiques de développement économique et d'aménagement du territoire dans les deux pays. Chaque catégorie de zone franche est passée en revue selon ses spécificités tandis que Masan et Incheon font l'objet d'une analyse plus fine

Network diversity and maritime flows

Coupled and interdependent networks constitute a relatively recent research field that has been so far little invested by port and maritime specialists. The extent to which certain ports benefit from being connected to multiple commodity flows in the maritime network has in fact been poorly addressed. A global database of merchant vessel inter-port movements that occurred in October and November 2004 allows building the respective weighted graphs of solid bulk, liquid bulk, container, general cargo, and passenger/vehicles. Main results underline a very strong influence of commodity diversity on the distribution of maritime traffics among ports and links between them. The research also underlines the role of different regional settings in the specialization of traffic flows

Activité portuaire et villes

On connaît rarement le poids de la ville littorale dans l'activité du port ; encore moins celui du port dans l'activité de la ville littorale, en termes de flux de marchandises. Le trafic portuaire, malgré de nombreuses imprécisions quant à sa valeur réelle et aux origines et destinations précises des flux, reste une donnée riche en enseignements. Comparer le volume et la structure du trafic portuaire à la population des villes permet de mesurer leur spécialisation portuaire et de mettre en valeur certaines spécificités régionales et trajectoires remarquables en Europe et dans le monde

Action of ecdysterone on the moulting of amphipod females: Gammarus pulex (L.) and G.fossarum Koch. Early results. [Translation from: Crustaceana 28, 86-88, 1975.]

In studying sexual attraction in gammarids of the group pulex, it has seemed necessary to dissociate the processes of moulting and ovogenesis in order to recognize their respective effects on this phenomenon. For this purpose a synthetic hormone, ecdysterone, was utilized. In the first instance the author followed the action of the hormone on isolated females in vitellogenesis. It was proved that the behaviour of Gammarus pulex and Gammarus fossarum vis-a-vis the ecdysterone used proves to be very close to that of isopods that was observed in Orchestia gammarellus in earlier research. Although they were in vitellogenesis, the females saw their intermoult cycle shortened

Inside the pond : an analysis of Northeast Asia’s long‐term maritime dynamics

International audienceThe analysis of historical vessel movements is proposed in this paper to compare recent Northeast Asian port and maritime dynamics with previous development stages back to the late nineteenth century. The changing distribution of vessel calls at and between Northeast Asian ports reveals important shifts of maritime connectivity over time, from the emergence of Japan as the dominant player in the region to a present-day more complex pattern with Hong Kong, Busan, and Shanghai as the major hubs. The analysis also underlines the uneven importance of domestic, intraregional, and extraregional flows as well as the existence of localized, peripheral subnetworks including small and medium-sized ports

Approche comparée du développement des villes-ports à l'échelle mondiale : problèmes conceptuels et méthodologiques

Communication aux Journées Nationales de Géographie des Transports, Cergy-Pontoise, France, Septembre 14-15 (2005). Site de la revue : http://afitl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr//index.php/presentation-de-la-revue.htmlNational audienceInternational comparison of port cities is founded on growing spatial and economical similarities between them. Despite the diversity of local and national systems, this article aims at measuring at a global scale, from available data on a sample of 330 nodes, the nature of ongoing trends underlying the complex relationships between urban, port and maritime systems. A factor analysis highlights some fundamental issues linked with port/city opposition, together with various degrees of interdependency to be seen at a regional levelLa comparaison internationale des villes-ports se justifie par la similitude croissante des phénomènes spatiaux et économiques auxquelles celles-ci sont confrontées. Malgré la diversité des configurations et des mécanismes que connaissent les villes-ports dans leur individualité et au sein de leur espace national, ce travail tente de mesurer à l'échelle mondiale, à partir des données disponibles pour un échantillon de 330 nœuds, la nature des structures actuelles et des évolutions en cours guidant les rapports complexes entre l'urbain, le portuaire et le maritime. L'analyse en composantes principales souligne certains aspects fondamentaux de l'opposition ville/port, ainsi que leur dimension fortement régional

The port city in multidisciplinary analysis

The inherent complexity of the port city has drawn attention from a vast number of scholars belonging to a variety of scientific fields. While a full and exhaustive review would reach beyond the scope of this chapter, it proposes evaluating the level of cohesion of port-city research through a classification of main study areas and their outcomes. Multiple definitions of the port city are both a cause and a consequence of the fragmentation of port-city research. There is a necessity refining the status of port-city research within mainstream approaches on either ports or cities

Inchon

http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryWorld/?view=usa&ci=9780195130751This paper is a short synthesis about the port city of Incheon from its early phases of development in the nineteenth century to nowadays role as transport hub and free economic zone

Port-city relationships in Europe and Asia

http://ejri.net/english/journal_01.phpInternational audienceThis paper investigates the nature of port-city relationships in two major port regions of the world, Europe and Asia. Although this issue is well analyzed through either isolated case studies or general models, it proposes a complementary approach based on urban and port indicators available for 121 port cities. In terms of demographic size and container traffic, it shows the decline of port-urban dependence, stemming from changes in global transportation and urban development. However, European and Asian port cities are not identically confronted to the same challenges, notably in terms of their hinterlands. A factor analysis highlights a regional differentiation of port-city relationships according to their insertion in both urban and port systems, with a core-periphery dualism in Europe and a port-city hierarchy in Asia. Thus, the distance to inland markets for European ports and the size of coastal markets for Asian ports are the main factors to explain the nature of port-city relationships in the two areas. It helps to evaluate which European and Asian port cities are comparable beyond their cargo volumes, by putting together micro (local environments) and macro (regional patterns) factor