Network diversity and maritime flows

Coupled and interdependent networks constitute a relatively recent research field that has been so far little invested by port and maritime specialists. The extent to which certain ports benefit from being connected to multiple commodity flows in the maritime network has in fact been poorly addressed. A global database of merchant vessel inter-port movements that occurred in October and November 2004 allows building the respective weighted graphs of solid bulk, liquid bulk, container, general cargo, and passenger/vehicles. Main results underline a very strong influence of commodity diversity on the distribution of maritime traffics among ports and links between them. The research also underlines the role of different regional settings in the specialization of traffic flows

Les zones franches coréennes

The free economic zones of North and South Korea are approached through economic development and national planning policies in the respective countries. Each category of free-zone is analyzed according to its specific rules, whereas Masan and Incheon receive more detailed attention.Les zones franches de Corée du Nord et du Sud sont abordées sous l'angle des politiques de développement économique et d'aménagement du territoire dans les deux pays. Chaque catégorie de zone franche est passée en revue selon ses spécificités tandis que Masan et Incheon font l'objet d'une analyse plus fine

The port city in multidisciplinary analysis

The inherent complexity of the port city has drawn attention from a vast number of scholars belonging to a variety of scientific fields. While a full and exhaustive review would reach beyond the scope of this chapter, it proposes evaluating the level of cohesion of port-city research through a classification of main study areas and their outcomes. Multiple definitions of the port city are both a cause and a consequence of the fragmentation of port-city research. There is a necessity refining the status of port-city research within mainstream approaches on either ports or cities

Asian cities in the global maritime network since the late nineteenth century

Asian cities have long concentrated a significant share of world maritime trade and the current situation in the early XXIth century is by no means new. This research proposes an empirical analysis of global maritime flows with a particular focus on Asian cities between 1890 and 2008, based on available information on merchant vessel movements obtained from Lloyd's List. The research maps and compares noticeable traffic shifts among Asian port cities as well as their individual port growth trajectories.Les villes d'Asie concentrent depuis longtemps une part non négligeable du commerce maritime mondial, et la situation à l'aube du XXIème siècle n'a en effet rien de très nouveau. Cette recherche fournit une analyse empirique des flux maritimes mondiaux de 1890 à 2008 à partir des archives de Lloyd's List sur les mouvements de navires. Les résultats principaux permettent de visualiser l'évolution des trafics entre villes asiatiques et leurs trajectoires portuaires individuelles

Simplification et partitionnement d'un graphe

This document from the fmr group introduces four types of methods for simplifying and/or partitioning graphs. Two methods produce tree-like structures that are easy to visualize: the minimum spanning tree (introduced among other classic methods of path detection), and the nodal regions algorithm (i.e. single or multiple linkage analysis). Two other methods provide groups of nodes characterized by a variety of structures: the filtering of links through a cohesion level based on the proportion of common neighbours of nodes, and the topological decomposition (i.e. looking at links among nodes having similar degree centrality). The application of the two latter methods in geography remains rather limited.Ce document du groupe fmr (flux, matrices, réseaux) présente quatre méthodes de simplification et/ou de partitionnement de graphes. Deux d'entre elles produisent des structures en arbre facilement visualisables : l'arbre d'étendue minimum (l'une des méthodes possibles de recherche d'un chemin reliant tous les sommets) et l'algorithme des régions nodales (flux majeurs ou dominants). Deux autres méthodes produisent des sous-graphes caractérisés par des structures variées : le filtrage des liens par l'application d'un indice de cohésion basé sur la proportion de voisins communs, et la décomposition topologique (liens entre sommets de degré comparable). L'application par les géographes de ces deux dernières méthodes reste encore limitée

Activité portuaire et villes

On connaît rarement le poids de la ville littorale dans l'activité du port ; encore moins celui du port dans l'activité de la ville littorale, en termes de flux de marchandises. Le trafic portuaire, malgré de nombreuses imprécisions quant à sa valeur réelle et aux origines et destinations précises des flux, reste une donnée riche en enseignements. Comparer le volume et la structure du trafic portuaire à la population des villes permet de mesurer leur spécialisation portuaire et de mettre en valeur certaines spécificités régionales et trajectoires remarquables en Europe et dans le monde

Action of ecdysterone on the moulting of amphipod females: Gammarus pulex (L.) and G.fossarum Koch. Early results. [Translation from: Crustaceana 28, 86-88, 1975.]

In studying sexual attraction in gammarids of the group pulex, it has seemed necessary to dissociate the processes of moulting and ovogenesis in order to recognize their respective effects on this phenomenon. For this purpose a synthetic hormone, ecdysterone, was utilized. In the first instance the author followed the action of the hormone on isolated females in vitellogenesis. It was proved that the behaviour of Gammarus pulex and Gammarus fossarum vis-a-vis the ecdysterone used proves to be very close to that of isopods that was observed in Orchestia gammarellus in earlier research. Although they were in vitellogenesis, the females saw their intermoult cycle shortened

The polarization of global container flows by interoceanic canals: geographic coverage and network vulnerability

International Colloquium organized by the The Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences (Kaowarsom). Conference programme available at: http://www.kaowarsom.be/documents/programma_interoceanic_canals_03-2012.pdfInternational audienceIt is widely acknowledged that the two major interoceanic canals of Suez and Panama play a central role in global shipping flows. However, this role has rarely been measured with precision both in terms of the geographic coverage and network topological properties of canal-dependent flows. Based on vessel movement data for containerships, this research clarifies the weight and share of canal-dependent flows globally and at the level of world regions, routes, and ports. It also estimates and maps the effects of removing canal-dependent flows from the network by means of graph-theoretical methods. While main results converge in showing a decreasing importance of canal shipping in the context of growing south-south trade exchanges, certain areas remain more dependent than others, such as Asia, Europe, and North America. The research also underlines factors of port vulnerability across the globe in relation with the two canals

Port-city relationships in Europe and Asia

http://ejri.net/english/journal_01.phpInternational audienceThis paper investigates the nature of port-city relationships in two major port regions of the world, Europe and Asia. Although this issue is well analyzed through either isolated case studies or general models, it proposes a complementary approach based on urban and port indicators available for 121 port cities. In terms of demographic size and container traffic, it shows the decline of port-urban dependence, stemming from changes in global transportation and urban development. However, European and Asian port cities are not identically confronted to the same challenges, notably in terms of their hinterlands. A factor analysis highlights a regional differentiation of port-city relationships according to their insertion in both urban and port systems, with a core-periphery dualism in Europe and a port-city hierarchy in Asia. Thus, the distance to inland markets for European ports and the size of coastal markets for Asian ports are the main factors to explain the nature of port-city relationships in the two areas. It helps to evaluate which European and Asian port cities are comparable beyond their cargo volumes, by putting together micro (local environments) and macro (regional patterns) factor

Inchon

http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryWorld/?view=usa&ci=9780195130751This paper is a short synthesis about the port city of Incheon from its early phases of development in the nineteenth century to nowadays role as transport hub and free economic zone