Synopsis of the Extraterritorial Protection Afforded by Section 337 as Compared to the Patent Act

Unlike Section 271 of the Patent Act of 1952, [s]ection 337 is a trade law which is not necessarily limited by the principles of domestic patent law. When examined more closely, Section 337 of the U.S. Tariff Act of 1930 in effect provides a patentee more protection from infringing foreign activity than Section 271. Accordingly, in many situations involving foreign acts, it may be more advantageous to enforce a U.S. patent at the International Trade Commission ( Commission ) as opposed to a federal district court. The analysis discussed infra more closely examines those situations and provides the history behind the intended reach of each statute

Synopsis of the Extraterritorial Protection Afforded by Section 337 as Compared to the Patent Act

Unlike Section 271 of the Patent Act of 1952, [s]ection 337 is a trade law which is not necessarily limited by the principles of domestic patent law. When examined more closely, Section 337 of the U.S. Tariff Act of 1930 in effect provides a patentee more protection from infringing foreign activity than Section 271. Accordingly, in many situations involving foreign acts, it may be more advantageous to enforce a U.S. patent at the International Trade Commission ( Commission ) as opposed to a federal district court. The analysis discussed infra more closely examines those situations and provides the history behind the intended reach of each statute

Saint-Laurent-sous-Coiron, Rompon – Recensement des monuments mégalithiques

Durant l’année 2014, mon travail a consisté à inventorier les monuments mégalithiques des communes de Saint-Laurent-sous-Coiron et Rompon. Pour Saint-Laurent, je me suis basé sur les cartes de Louis Giraux et Henri Saumade pour les retrouver, tandis qu’à Rompon il s’agissait de prospection sans informations. Mes recherches ont permis de recenser huit dolmens et deux menhirs à Saint-Laurent-sous-Coiron, et un dolmen à Rompon. Ces monuments calcaires, exceptés les menhirs en basalte, ont été fr..

Balazuc – Inventaire des dolmens

Dans la continuité de l’autorisation de prospection accordée en 2020, nous avons poursuivi les recherches dans une autre partie de la commune de Balazuc. La zone concernée est située au lieu-dit Combe Veyras-Drayette et n’a pas été atteinte par les incendies de 2019. Sur les indications de Pierre Mouyon (2000), nous avons retrouvé les quatre dolmens mentionnés. Le dolmen fouillé par J.-P. Thévenot (publié dans la revue Études Préhistoriques en 1971) fait partie de cet ensemble de quatre monu..

Balazuc – Monuments mégalithiques

Dans la continuité des autorisations de prospection accordées en 2020 et 2021, nous avons poursuivi les recherches dans une autre partie de la commune de Balazuc. La zone concernée est au lieu-dit « Communal », dans laquelle Pierre Mouyon avait indiqué la présence de deux dolmens que nous avons pu retrouver.Nous avons réalisé deux fiches dans le but de mettre à jour l’inventaire des mégalithes ardéchois et ainsi comparer l’état des sites depuis la publication de Pierre Mouyon en 2000.Aucun ..

Lavilledieu, Lussas, Vogüé – Recensement des monuments mégalithiques

Durant l’année 2013, mon travail a consisté à contribuer à l’inventaire des mégalithes de ces trois communes ardéchoises. Suite à une autorisation de consultation des fiches inventaires réalisées par Henri Saumade, j’ai pu rectifier certaines coordonnées GPS des dolmens déjà recensés, et ainsi savoir si les monuments que j’avais découverts étaient ou non répertoriés à la DRAC. Mes recherches ont permis de recenser 6 dolmens à Lavilledieu, 12 à Vogüé et 11 à Lussas, soit 29 dolmens de plus pou..

Emerging negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index in spite of warm subtropics

Sea surface temperatures in the northern North Atlantic have shown a marked decrease over the past several years. The sea surface in the subpolar gyre is now as cold as it was during the last cold phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index in the 1990s. This climate index is associated with shifts in hurricane activity, rainfall patterns and intensity, and changes in fish populations. However, unlike the last cold period in the Atlantic, the spatial pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies in the Atlantic is not uniformly cool, but instead has anomalously cold temperatures in the subpolar gyre, warm temperatures in the subtropics and cool anomalies over the tropics. The tripole pattern of anomalies has increased the subpolar to subtropical meridional gradient in SSTs, which are not represented by the AMO index value, but which may lead to increased atmospheric baroclinicity and storminess. Here we show that the recent Atlantic cooling is likely to persist, as predicted by a statistical forecast of subsurface ocean temperatures and consistent with the irreversible nature of watermass changes involved in the recent cooling of the subpolar gyre

Transgenesis and humanization of murine antibodies.

International audienceThe properties of monoclonal antibodies explain why they are such a successful class of therapeutic molecules. However, pionneered initial antibodies were of murine origin and triggered an immune response which limited the therapeutic potential of the antibody and generated deleterious effects. Consequently, tremendous efforts have been developped to engineer these murine Ig by introducing human sequences in vitro, or in vivo by humanization of murine antibodies, leading to chimeric immunoglobulins, and more recently generation of fully human antibodies in transgenic mice with a more or less diversified V repertoire. These approaches have led to the development of an increasing number of these chimeric or humanized monoclonal antibodies entering pharmaceutical pipelines. double dagger

A physical model of the photo- and radiation-induced degradation of ytterbium-doped silica optical fibres

International audienceWe propose a model to describe the photo-or/and the radiation-induced darkening of ytterbium-doped silica optical fibers. This model accounts for the well-established experimental features of photo-darkening. Degradation behaviors predicted for fibers pumped in harsh environments are also fully confirmed by experimental data reported in the work by Duchez et al. (this proceeding), which gives a detailed characterization of the interplay between the effects of the pump and those of a superimposed ionizing irradiation (actual operation conditions in space-based applications for instance). In particular, dependences of the darkening build-up on the pump power, the total ionizing dose and the dose rate are all correctly reproduced. The presented model is a 'sufficient' one, including the minimal physical ingredients required to reproduce experimental features. Refinements could be proposed to improve, e.g., quantitative kinetics