Sources of Output Growth of the ICT Sector in Vietnam

Vietnam has early set the strategy to develop ICT as the enabler for social-economic development and the Vietnamese ICT sector has grown significantly over the past 20 years. This paper analyses the development of the ICT sector by examining the sources of output growth and the structural changes in two periods of 2007-2012 and 2012-2016. The decomposition results show that the growth of the ICT manufacturing sector is attributed to export in both periods. However, the ICT manufacturing export was mainly based on components import; the sector neither could make any technological progress nor could manufacture products for import substitution. The ICT media and content sector’s growth was primarily due to technology advancement in 2007-2012 which led to the household demand-based development in the period 2012-2016. The ICT services sector shifted from primarily served government to household demand while technology was also significantly improved. The results of decomposition analysis are consistent with the macroeconomic situation as well as the ICT policies that the Vietnamese government has implemented over the past years. The paper points out the achievements and limitations in the ICT development policies and suggests directions for ICT policymakers in Vietnam in the coming period

Understanding food safety awareness and practices along smallholder pig value chains in Vietnam using participatory approaches

Pig production plays an important role in both food supply and economic development in Vietnam. We assessed the food safety awareness and practice of involved key actors along the smallholder pig value chains in Hung Yen, Vietnam using participatory approaches. Data collection included quantitative (checklists, questionnaires) and qualitative (in-depth interviews and focus group discussions-FGD) tools and was done in three districts of Hung Yen. All survey tools were developed and pre-tested. Checklists (n=22) and questionnaires (n=12) followed random sampling procedures. The respondents for in-depth interviews (n=24) were randomly selected, while the participants for FGDs (n=5) were recruited by convenience. Data collection was done between January and June, 2013. Descriptive statistic was used for quantitative data, while content analysis was used for qualitative data. The outline for data collection for included groups and stakeholders (slaughterhouse workers, pork sellers, veterinary and public health staff, people living around slaughterhouses, pork consumers) was structured around food safety, diseases and health risks. Differences in what some groups found important or unsafe, based on their occupational priorities or labour focus were identified by using ranking tables and analysed accordingly. Analyses show that for slaughterhouse workers and pork sellers the food safety risks were highest and linked to lack of training, or relying only on “learning by doing” an experience provided by other workers or sellers. People living around slaughterhouses expressed concerns about health effects but also pointed out the advantages of their proximity to slaughterhouses, such as job opportunities and easy access to fresh pork. Pork consumer groups were more concerned about sensorial criteria (e.g. freshly looking, bright red colour) and expressed also some awareness on pork quality. Veterinary and public health staff emphasised the gap between existing legislation and food safety practices. Findings provide information on food safety awareness and practices along various actors and stakeholders. There is a need for improved standards, targeted training and collaborative mechanisms between veterinary and public health authorities to better manage the food production chain

Some NP-Complete Problems for Attribute Reduction in Consistent Decision Tables

Over recent years, the research of attribute reduction for general decision systems and, in particular, for consistent decision tables has attracted great attention from the computer science community due to the emerge of big data. It has been known that, for a consistent decision table, we can derive a polynomial time complexity algorithm for finding a reduct. In addition, finding redundant properties can also be done in polynomial time. However, finding all reduct sets in a consistent decision table is a problem with exponential time complexity. In this paper, we study complexity of the problem for finding a certain class of reduct sets. In particular, we make use of a new concept of relative reduct in the consistent decision table. We present two NP-complete problems related to the proposed concept. These problems are related to the cardinality constraint and the relative reduct set. On the basis of this result, we show that finding a reduct with the smallest cardinality cannot be done by an algorithm with polynomial time complexity

Dairy Value Chain In Vietnam: Evidences from Bavi Area

Dairy farming, in Vietnam, existed in the early twentieth century thanks to the favorable natural advantage. During many difficult periods, the Vietnam’s dairy industry has developed constantly and contributed significantly to the food needs ensuring. However, Vietnam’s dairy industry still could not satisfy the domestic milk demand. Retail milk prices in Vietnam are very high, whereas the price of milk sold by the dairy farmers is very low. The cause stems from the control of dairy companies in the quantity and quality of milk. Moreover, that control caused an imbalance in the profits and benefits of each actor in the dairy value chain. This study, hence, finds out the distribution of benefits, costs, value-added among the actors, and problems in the practical management in dairy milk value chain with specific focus on Bavi as the case study

Molecular Histopathology and Cytopathology in Cardiovascular Diseases

In this chapter, we describe the most deadly heart diseases, including the fourth parts: Anatomy of the heart, chronic coronary syndrome and acute coronary syndrome and STEMI, Cardiomyopathy, and Pulmonary embolism. The written structure of a component includes Abstract, Pathophysiology, Clinical diagnostic criteria, histopathology, and cytopathology. The content is summarized based on the recommendations of the American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology. All images in this chapter are data at our center. In the chapter, we will see the relationship between histopathology and cytopathology and pathophysiology, which will serve as a basis for us to have more studies in the future

Implementation of a Virtual Autonomous Excavator

Automation of digging processes is a way to improve building efficiency and prevent workplace accidents. The objective of this study was to develop an intelligent excavator by means of virtual prototyping technology which takes working disturbances into consideration. Firstly, a multi-body simulation model (MBS) was developed to investigate the excavator behaviour and reaction forces with respect to soil characteristics. Subsequently, an adaptive sliding-mode PID controller with a fuzzy compensator (ASMPIDF) was proposed to perform autonomous functions. Finally, a co-simulation of the mechanical model and the virtual controller was conducted to derive adaptive trajectories of the excavator joints. The low simulated values of overshoot, settling time, and steady-state error demonstrate that the proposed approach is feasible and effective in developing intelligent behaviours of the excavator. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to digging processes to become safer and more efficient