Nutritional constraints and possibilities for pig production on small-holders farms in Central Vietnam

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional situation of pigs kept in three ecological zones of central Vietnam: Upland, Lowland and Coastal Area. An interview-based questionnaire was made and surveys were conducted in 27 villages and data were collected from 1,200 participating households. The current study showed that amounts of feed and crude protein content in the diets for fattening pigs and sows are deficient for all three regions. Amounts of feed as DM (kg/d) fed to growing pigs of 20-50 kg BW was deficient by 0.54 kg (29%) in Lowland, 0.53 kg (28.6%) in the Coastal area and 0.42 kg (22.4%) in Upland. The deficiency in CP in the diets of growing pigs in this period (20-50 kg) was largest at 20.7 g/d (62.1%) in Lowland, following by 22.1 g/d (66.4%) in Coastal and 23.2 g/d (69.7%) in Upland. Amount of feed as DM (kg/d) fed to growing pigs of 50-90 kg BW had a deficiency of 1.26 (48.9%), 1.25 (51.2%) and 1.14 (51.5%) kg/d in Lowland, Coastal and Upland, respectively. The deficiencies in crude protein in the growing diet during this period in Lowland, Coastal and Upland regions were 27 g/d (68.3%), 29 g/d (71.9%) and 30 g/d (74.6%), respectively. The deficiency in DM intake (kg/d) of pregnant sows in the Lowland area was 0.3 kg (15%), 0.33 kg (16%) in the Coastal area and 0.47 kg (23.5%) in the Upland area. Crude protein content in the diet of pregnant sows raised in Lowland was 8 g/d (32.0%) deficient, in the Coastal region the deficiency was 11 g/d (42.7%) and in Upland this deficiency was 15 g/d (61.2%). The deficiency in DM intake (kg/d) of lactating sows raised in Lowland was 1.47 kg (31.1%), in the Coastal area this was 1.69 kg (39.2%) and in Upland it was most deficient at 2.46 kg (57.1%). The lack of crude protein content in the diets of sows raised in Lowland was 45 g/d (63.4%), in the Coastal region it was 46 g/d (65%), and in Upland it was 55 g/d (78.9%). The low input of feed in these areas is especially due to low quality and to the insufficient intake of nutrients by the pig. As a result, production and income of farmers are low

Anomalous local atomic correlations in HgBa2CuO4+d

We have performed extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements to study the local atomic structure of the HgBa2CuO4+delta (Hg-1201) system across the superconducting transition temperature (T-c). The Debye-Waller factors of atomic pairs obtained by Cu K-edge EXAFS are compared with diffraction data to calculate atomic correlations. The atomic correlations for Cu-O bonds show anomalous temperature dependences across the T-c, highlighting the important role of electron-lattice interactions to derive the superconducting characteristics of the system

Effect of supplementation diets of slipery fish level fat on performance, milk yield and milk composition of F1 (Landrace X Yorkshire) sows

Twenty five F1 (Landrace x Yorkshire) sows parity of 2- 4 were used to determine the effect of catfish fat to late-pregnant and lactating sows on sow and their piglets’ performance. Sows were fed trial diets from 107 d of gestation until 21 d of lactation. Diets were: control without fish fat; 2% fish fat supplementation; 4% fish fat meal supplementation; 6 % fish fat meal supplementation; and 8 % 4% fish fat meal supplementation. The sow’s diet was made from the major ingredients including rice bran, corn meal, cassava meal and soy bean meal. Sows were fed 1.7 kg per day during gestation and 0.25 kg per piglet per day during lactation. Sows were were fed twice a day in the gestation and lactation period with diets containing 14.5 and 17.50 % of CP respectively. Calculated DE concentration in the diets was 13.0 –13.5 MJ per kg. Milk samples were obtained on d 3 and 20 of lactation. Milk from sows fed catfish fat increased n-3 fatty acids on d 3 and 20 of lactation. Results demonstrated that feeding catfish lard has significant effects on sow's milk yield, fatty acid profile and number and weight of weaned piglets

Temperature Dependent Local Instability of the Hg1212 Structure by Polarized EXAFS

The local structure of the (Hg1212) crystal has been investigated by temperature dependent polarized Cu K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). We have observed an anomalous behavior of the local structure showing anomaly at around the superconducting transition temperature Tc in the temperature dependence of the Cu-O(planar) distance. The result suggests similarity of the temperature dependent local instability in the superconducting cuprates