62 research outputs found

    Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

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    Interindividual clinical variability in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is vast. We report that at least 101 of 987 patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia had neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against interferon-w (IFN-w) (13 patients), against the 13 types of IFN-a (36), or against both (52) at the onset of critical disease; a few also had auto-Abs against the other three type I IFNs. The auto-Abs neutralize the ability of the corresponding type I IFNs to block SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. These auto-Abs were not found in 663 individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and were present in only 4 of 1227 healthy individuals. Patients with auto-Abs were aged 25 to 87 years and 95 of the 101 were men. A B cell autoimmune phenocopy of inborn errors of type I IFN immunity accounts for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in at least 2.6% of women and 12.5% of men

    Mise au point d’une technique de congĂ©lation de la semence chez le jars gris des Landes

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    National audienceÉlevĂ©e pour la production de foie gras, l’oie grise des Landes ne reprĂ©sentait plus que 2.8% du marchĂ© du foie gras en 2005. Afin de prĂ©server les ressources gĂ©nĂ©tiques de cette espĂšce, le but de ce programme Ă©tait de mettre au point une technique de cryoconservation de la semence du jars gris des Landes. Sur la base de 3 mĂ©thodes utilisĂ©es chez d’autres types d’oies et chez le coq, nous avons testĂ© un total de 11 adaptations de ces mĂ©thodes. Nous avons mesurĂ© l’efficacitĂ© de chacune d’entre elles Ă  assurer la survie et l’aptitude Ă  la fĂ©condation des gamĂštes congelĂ©s-dĂ©congelĂ©s puis optimisĂ© les conditions d’utilisation de la semence cryoprĂ©servĂ©e. Au cours des 3 premiĂšres annĂ©es, les taux de fertilitĂ© obtenus Ă©taient faibles et ont augmentĂ© lentement de 10 Ă  25%. Lors de la quatriĂšme annĂ©e, les changements apportĂ©s au protocole d’insĂ©mination ont permis d’augmenter considĂ©rablement les rĂ©sultats de fertilitĂ© jusqu’à plus de 60%. Ce niveau de performances permet ainsi d’envisager l’intĂ©gration du jars gris des Landes Ă  la Cryobanque Nationale des Animaux Domestiques

    Cryopreservation of Landese gander semen

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    Comparaison de traitements photopĂ©riodiques en vue d’optimiser la production de gamĂštes chez le jars et l’oie gris des Landes

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    National audienceExposĂ© au programme lumineux de 9 heures d’éclairement constant, le jars gris des Landes prĂ©sente une persistance de production spermatique dont la durĂ©e est infĂ©rieure Ă  la durĂ©e de ponte des oies, suggĂ©rant l’établissement d’un Ă©tat photo-rĂ©fractaire. Chez les petits ruminants comme le bĂ©lier ou le bouc prĂ©sentant la mĂȘme particularitĂ©, l’utilisation de programmes lumineux basĂ©s sur l’alternance de photopĂ©riodes courtes et longues ont permis d’empĂȘcher l’installation de cet Ă©tat photo-rĂ©fractaire. InspirĂ©s de ce principe, 8 programmes lumineux innovants ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s en bĂątiment conditionnĂ© sur des animaux de souche Maxipalm maintenues en claustration lors d’un 1er cycle de reproduction, et lors de 2 campagnes consĂ©cutives. Au cours de celles-ci, plusieurs critĂšres descriptifs de la ponte et de la production spermatique ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©s. Les programmes lumineux alternant des jours longs de 9 heures et des jours courts de 5 ou 7 heures dĂ©gradent peu ou pas la production de gamĂštes mĂąles et femelles comparĂ©s au traitement « rĂ©fĂ©rence » de 9 heures d’éclairement constant, mais n’empĂȘchent pas l’installation d’un Ă©tat photo-rĂ©fractaire et l’activitĂ© sexuelle s’arrĂȘte. D’autre part, pour la quasi-totalitĂ© des traitements, la durĂ©e de production spermatique s’est rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e ĂȘtre supĂ©rieure ou Ă©gale Ă  celle de la ponte

    Antibiotic treatment of Neuro-meningeal infections.

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    International audienceIn France, conjugated pneumococcal vaccination has considerably modified the profile of pneumococcal meningitis by eliminating the most virulent strains resistant to beta-lactams. Over recent years, the nationwide pediatric meningitis network of the Pediatric Infectious Disease Group (GPIP) and the National Reference Centre of Pneumococci have not recorded any cases of meningitis due to pneumococcus resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (C3G), even though in 2021, strains with a less favorable profile appeared to emerge. These recent data justify renewal of the 2016 recommendations and limitation of vancomycin to the secondary phase of treatment of pneumococcal meningitis when the MIC of the isolated strain against injectable C3Gs is >0.5 mg/L. The only major change proposed by the GPIP in this 2023 update of its recommendations is discontinuation of the recommendation of a combination of ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime in Escherichia coli meningitis in newborns and young infants.The nationwide observatory of meningitis in children is a valuable tool because of its completeness and its continuity over the past 15 years. The maintenance of epidemiological surveillance will allow us to adapt new therapeutic regimens to the evolution of pneumococcal susceptibility profiles and to future serotype-specific changes. Community-acquired cerebral abscesses are rare diseases, of which the management requires a rigorous approach: high-quality imaging, bacteriological sampling prior to antibiotic therapy whenever possible, and antibiotic treatment including metronidazole in addition to cefotaxime. Multidisciplinary collaboration, including infectious disease and neurosurgical advice, is always called for

    Spatio-Temporal Imaging of Promoter Activity in Intact Plant Tissues

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    Localization and quantification of expression levels of genes help to determine their function. Localization of gene expression is often achieved through the study of their promoter activity. Three main reporter genes beta-glucuronidase (GUS), green fluorescent protein (GFP), and luciferase (LUC) have been intensively used to characterize promoter activities, each having its own specificities and advantages. Among them, the LUC reporter gene is best suitable for the analysis of the promoter activity of genes in intact living plants. Here, we describe a LUC-based method that allows to precisely localize and quantify promoter activity at the whole plant level, and to study the mechanisms that are involved in long-distance regulation of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Imaging LUC signals with a low-light CCD camera allows monitoring promoter activity in time and space in the transgenic plant harboring the promoter fused with the LUC gene. In addition, it allows quantifying change of promoter activities in plant during several hours
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