8 research outputs found
Selecting Constitutional Judges Randomly
This article discusses from the perspective of democratic theory an innovative proposal for the selection of constitutional, supreme court, or federal judges that aims at combining the values of expertise and political independence. It consists in combining a certification process â selecting a pool of properly qualified candidates â with a random selection among this pool. We argue that such selection procedure would better respect the separation of powers and the specific legitimacy of courts, and we champion this twoâstage mechanism visâĂ âvis other, more traditionally employed, selection procedures. We then deal with a diversity of objections to our proposal and conclude by taking stock of both its virtues and limitations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Enfermidades digitais em vacas de aptidĂŁo leiteira: associação com mastite clĂnica, metrites e aspectos epidemiolĂłgicos Foot diseases in dairy cows: association with clinical mastitis, metrites and predisposed factors
Utilizaram-se nesse estudo 5300 vacas de aptidĂŁo leiteira, provenientes de 80 propriedades rurais, que adotavam manejo intensivo ou semi-extensivo, com o objetivo de averiguar a existĂȘncia de possĂvel associação entre enfermidades digitais, mastite clĂnica e/ou metrite e identificar possĂveis fatores de risco das enfermidades digitais. Em 325 (6,13%) vacas foram diagnosticados apenas enfermidades digitais, em 35 (0,66%) enfermidades digitais e mastite clĂnica, em 52 (0,98%) enfermidades digitais e metrite, em 28 (0,53%) enfermidades digitais, mastite clĂnica e metrite, em 128 (2,42%) apenas metrite, em 165 (3,11%) somente mastite clĂnica, e em 89 (1,68%) vacas metrite e mastite clĂnica. As mudanças bruscas na alimentação, o excesso de sujidades nas instalaçÔes, os pisos irregulares e abrasivos, a nĂŁo utilização ou uso incorreto de pedilĂșvio, a falta de casqueamento preventivo, a ausĂȘncia de quarentena, e a aquisição de animais sem a preocupação com o aspecto sanitĂĄrio foram considerados os fatores de risco de maior ocorrĂȘncia. Foi constatada diferença significativa entre a ocorrĂȘncia de enfermidades digitais, mastite clĂnica e metrite, alĂ©m de associação fraca entre tais enfermidades, concluindo-se que nĂŁo houve relação expressiva entre enfermidades podais, mastite clĂnica e metrite em vacas lactantes.<br>With the objective to investigate a possible association between foot diseases, clinical mastitis and/or metritis and predisposing factors for foot diseases, 5300 dairy cows from 80 intensive and semi-intensive farms were used. In 325 (6.13%) cows only foot disease was diagnosed, in 35 (0.66%) foot disease and clinical mastitis, in 52 (0.98%) foot disease and metritis, in 28 (0.53%) foot disease, clinical mastitis and metritis, in 128 (2.42%) only metritis, in 165 (3.11%) only clinical mastitis, and in 89 (1.68%) cows metritis and clinical mastitis. Rapid changes in the diet, high exposure time of hoof horn to slurry and wet conditions, concrete floors, use of footbaths, low frequency of claw trimming, irregular quarantine, and no attention to health aspects during acquisition of the animals were considered as major risk factors for the occurrence of those diseases. The McNemar test for dependent samples showed significant statistical differences between the occurrence of foot disease, clinical mastitis and metritis, in spite of the poor association between those diseases. It was concluded that there was no expressive relationship between foot diseases, clinical mastitis and metritis in lactent cows