The Aging of Recycled Fibers

The object of this thesis is to study the aging of recycled paper, focusing on strength and optical properties. To observe the changes in these properties, the following experimental procedure was used. 100% softwood fibers were pulped, made into handsheets, tested, artificially aged, again tested, repulped and bleached before being made into handsheets once again. Because of cross-linking due to heating, the aging strength losses were masked

On \u3ci\u3eDistoma felineum\u3c/i\u3e Riv. in the United States and on the Value of Measurements in Specific Determinations among the Distomes (1895)

The distomes of cats have received special attention of late in the two papers of Braun (94) and stiles and Hassall (94). The latter authors give a most admirable account of our present knowledge of a dozen allied forms, and record two, D. albidum and D. complexum n. sp., as found in cats in the United States. During the past year I have examined the cats killed at this laboratory, and have found neither of the forms recorded from the east. Distoma felineum, however, which Stiles and Hassall did not find, and which has not been reported hitherto for the United States, is not uncommon here. Among a dozen cats examined last spring, two contained specimens of this species, and one of the four killed this fall was likewise infected. The first cat contained over one hundred of the distomes, and the others approximately one dozen each. The exact correspondence of the forms with the figures and descriptions of Braun and Stiles and Hassall leave little doubt as to the identity of the two forms, and yet there are some points of disagreement which deserve mention, especially since the discovery of the European form in the liver of man in Siberia by Winogradoff adds this species to the list of human parasites

Antibody Responses to a Novel Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein Vaccine Correlate with Protection against Experimental Malaria Infection in Aotus Monkeys

The Block 2 region of the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum has been identified as a target of protective immunity by a combination of seroepidemiology and parasite population genetics. Immunogenicity studies in small animals and Aotus monkeys were used to determine the efficacy of recombinant antigens derived from this region of MSP-1 as a potential vaccine antigen. Aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys were immunized three times with a recombinant antigen derived from the Block 2 region of MSP-1 of the monkey-adapted challenge strain, FVO of Plasmodium falciparum, using an adjuvant suitable for use in humans. Immunofluorescent antibody assays (IFA) against erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum using sera from the immunized monkeys showed that the MSP-1 Block 2 antigen induced significant antibody responses to whole malaria parasites. MSP-1 Block 2 antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) showed no significant differences in antibody titers between immunized animals. Immunized animals were challenged with the virulent P. falciparum FVO isolate and monitored for 21 days. Two out of four immunized animals were able to control their parasitaemia during the follow-up period, whereas two out of two controls developed fulminating parasitemia. Parasite-specific serum antibody titers measured by IFA were four-fold higher in protected animals than in unprotected animals. In addition, peptide-based epitope mapping of serum antibodies from immunized Aotus showed distinct differences in epitope specificities between protected and unprotected animals

Open Content, Open Access and Open Source?

Higher education institutions have been subjected to two different phases of commodification, in the conversion of intellectual activity into intellectual capital, and in the conversion of instruction itself into commercially viable proprietary products that can be owned and bought and sold in the market. Despite the onslaught of neo-commodification, the scholarly processes of research, teaching and learning are today mostly “born digital”, and exist only in electronic format. Electronic communication presents a growing challenge for the scholarly community to develop new organisational, technical and economic models that address the limitations on access typical of the print information environment. In this paper we will briefly look at a number of issues related to the functions of a university (teaching and learning on the one side and research on the other) that threaten the sustainability and growth of scholarship

Warmteverlies achter radiatoren

In dit artikel gaat de auteur na in hoeverre de veschillende borstweringsconstructies warmteverlies veroorzaken en welke maatregelen hiertegen genomen kunnen worden. Een van de meest energieverslindende borstweringsconstructies blijkt de glazen borstwering te zijn. Toepassing van een warmteschil kan hier nog een redelijke oplossing vormen

Efficacy and safety of adjunctive oral therapy in Parkinson’s disease with motor complications: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background The aim of this manuscript is to review the evidence and compare the efficacy and safety of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors (COMT-Is), dopamine receptor agonists (DRAs) and monoamine-oxidase B inhibitors (MAOB-Is) as adjunctive treatment to levodopa in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experiencing motor complications.Methods In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, literature searches were performed in MEDLINE and Embase to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a minimal follow-up of at least 4 weeks published in English between 1980 and 2021. RCTs were included if either a COMT-I, DRA or MAOB-I was evaluated as an adjunctive therapy to levodopa in patients with PD experiencing motor complications and dyskinesia. The main outcomes included daily off-medication time, motor and non-motor examination scales, and adverse events including dyskinesia.Results 74 RCTs reporting on 18 693 patients were included. All three studied drug classes decreased daily off-medication time compared with placebo (COMT-Is mean −0.8 hours (95% CI −1.0 to −0.6), DRAs −1.1 hours (95% CI −1.4 to −0.8), MAOB-Is −0.9 hours (95% CI −1.2 to −0.6)). Safety analysis showed an increased risk of dyskinesia for all three drug classes (COMT-Is OR 3.3 (95% CI 2.7 to 4.0), DRAs 3.0 (95% CI 2.5 to 3.5), MAOB-Is 1.6 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.2)). According to surface under the cumulative ranking curve scores, pramipexole IR was associated with the most favourable benefit–risk profile.Conclusions COMT-Is, DRAs and MAOB-Is effectively reduce motor complications and increase incidence of dyskinesia. In the network meta-analysis, adjunctive use of DRAs appeared most effective