Validation de deux méthodes de collecte fécale sur l'efficacité d'un nouveau principe actif sur les performances zootechniques, la digestibilité et la disponibilité du calcium et di phosphore chez le poulet de chair

Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção animal - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Medicina VeterináriaEste trabalho teve como objectivo a comparação de dois métodos de recolha de fezes (colheita total e colheita parcial/grab sampling) no estudo dos efeitos de um aditivo na digestibilidade do cálcio e do fósforo, nas performances zootécnicas e na qualidade do osso de frangos de carne. Foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre os diferentes métodos utilizados para a determinação da digestibilidade do cálcio e do fósforo, sobre a importância destes dois minerais na alimentação do frango de carne, sobre a enzima fitase e ainda sobre os efeitos do aditivo na espécie avícola. A experiência foi efectuada numa estação experimental, utilizando-se 160 frangos de carne Ross PM3. A todos os animais foi fornecida uma alimentação com base de milho e farelo de soja. Foram comparados cinco tratamentos diferentes tendo sido realizadas oito repetições por cada tratamento. Os tratamentos consistiram num tratamento controlo negativo (sem adição de fitase ou aditivo), um tratamento com fitase (0,2%), dois tratamentos que diferiram na dose de aditivo adicionado (0,1% e 0,3%) e finalmente, um tratamento com aditivo e fitase (0,1% e 0,2% respectivamente). As fezes dos animais foram recolhidas através do método de colheita total (3 dias de colheita) e do método de colheita parcial (12 horas de colheita). Foram analisadas as performances zootécnicas (consumo médio diário, ganho médio diário e índice de conversão), o peso, o comprimento, a força máxima à fractura e o pequeno e grande diâmetro da tíbia direita de cada animal. A matéria mineral, o cálcio e o fósforo da mesma foram também analisados. Finalmente, a digestibilidade mineral, a digestibilidade do cálcio e a digestibilidade do fósforo foram igualmente determinadas. Os resultados foram sujeitos à análise de variância designada por ANOVA bem como a um teste de comparação dois a dois designado por LSD (programa SPSS). Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre os diferentes tipos de recolha de fezes. As performances zootécnicas foram melhoradas com a adição de aditivo (+4% para o peso vivo e -1% para o IC), embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05). O aditivo teve um efeito positivo significativo na digestibilidade mineral e na digestibilidade do cálcio em ambos os métodos de colheita fecal. Este efeito foi superior quando foi adicionada uma maior quantidade de aditivo. As medições referentes aos ossos não foram significativamente influenciadas pelo aditivo. No entanto, a forte correlação existente entre os parâmetros físicos e químicos demonstra um possível favorecimento das mesmas com a adição do aditivo em estudo. A taxa de recuperação das CIAC (cinzas insolúveis em ácido cítrico) registada neste estudo comprometeu a validação do método indirecto de recolha de fezes. Este método permite a redução do tempo de trabalho e torna o processo de recolha mais simples. No entanto, a sua eficácia face ao método da colheita total não foi confirmada, uma vez que não foi observada a recuperação total do marcador (CIAC). Estudos complementares com um efectivo animal maior poderão confirmar os resultados deste estudo, nomeadamente o interesse zootécnico e os efeitos deste aditivo na digestibilidade mineral

2015/16 seasonal vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation with influenza a(H1N1)pdm09 and B among elderly people in Europe: Results from the I-MOVE+ project

We conducted a multicentre test-negative caseâ\u80\u93control study in 27 hospitals of 11 European countries to measure 2015/16 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B among people aged â\u89¥ 65 years. Patients swabbed within 7 days after onset of symptoms compatible with severe acute respiratory infection were included. Information on demographics, vaccination and underlying conditions was collected. Using logistic regression, we measured IVE adjusted for potential confounders. We included 355 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 110 influenza B cases, and 1,274 controls. Adjusted IVE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22 to 57). It was 59% (95% CI: 23 to 78), 48% (95% CI: 5 to 71), 43% (95% CI: 8 to 65) and 39% (95% CI: 7 to 60) in patients with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung and heart disease, respectively. Adjusted IVE against influenza B was 52% (95% CI: 24 to 70). It was 62% (95% CI: 5 to 85), 60% (95% CI: 18 to 80) and 36% (95% CI: -23 to 67) in patients with diabetes mellitus, lung and heart disease, respectively. 2015/16 IVE estimates against hospitalised influenza in elderly people was moderate against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B, including among those with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung or heart diseases

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care