The leptospiral prevalence by species and region.

<p>The leptospiral prevalence by species and region.</p

Spearman correlation of the pattern distributions of serovars between buffaloes, cattle, pigs and humans in northern (N), northeastern (NE), central (C), eastern (E), and southern (S) regions.

<p>* represents p-value < 0.05, ** represents p-value < 0.01, *** represents p-value < 0.001, and the white area represents correlation not available.</p

The best multivariable logistic regression model (with binomial function) for seropositivity of serovars Tarassovi (TAR) and Shermani (SHE), and MAT appearance.

<p>The best multivariable logistic regression model (with binomial function) for seropositivity of serovars Tarassovi (TAR) and Shermani (SHE), and MAT appearance.</p

The best univariable logistic regression model (with binomial function) for seropositivity of serovars Bratislava (BRA), Ranarum (RAN), and Sejroe (SEJ).

<p>The best univariable logistic regression model (with binomial function) for seropositivity of serovars Bratislava (BRA), Ranarum (RAN), and Sejroe (SEJ).</p

Regional distributions of most prevalent serovars and serovar associations in buffaloes, cattle, pigs, and humans in 5 regions of Thailand.

<p>By using the highest MAT titer criteria: BRA = Bratislava, HEB = Hebdomadis, PAN = Panama, RAN = Ranarum, SEJ = Sejroe, SHE = Shermani, TAR = Tarassovi, BRA/SHE = Bratislava and Shermani, RAN/SHE = Ranarum and Shermani, SAR/SHE = Sarmin and Shermani, SEJ/SHE = Sejroe and Shermani, SHE/TAR = Shermani and Tarassovi, and RAN/SHE/TAR = Ranarum, Shermani and Tarassovi, and the other group. The sizes of pie charts refer to the size of positive MAT samples. The seroprevalence was calculated relative to the number of samples for each species and in each region.</p

The pattern distribution of serovars for seropositive samples in buffaloes, cattle, pigs, and humans in 5 regions of Thailand.

<p>The highest MAT titer reactive against each serovar of each positive sample is described. Samples are ordered according to seroprevalence: Shermani (SHE), Ranarum (RAN), Sejroe (SEJ), Bratislava (BRA), Tarassovi (TAR), Panama (PAN), Hebdomadis (HEB), Mini (MIN), Sarmin (SAR), Autumnalis (AUT), Louisiana (LOU), Manhao (MAN), Icterohaemorrhagiae (ICT), Pomona (POM), Cynopteri (CYN), Ballum (BAL), Bataviae (BAT), Javanica (JAV), Grippotyphosa (GRI), Pyrogenes (PYR), and Djasiman (DJA).</p

Test performance using acute sera [10],[14].

<p>Test performance using acute sera <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000610#pntd.0000610-Kemapunmanus1" target="_blank">[10]</a>,<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000610#pntd.0000610-Arimitsu1" target="_blank">[14]</a>.</p

Costs, clinical outcomes and antibiotic prescription at various prevalence rates and for patients receiving no treatment, empirical treatment, diagnosis using the latex test and diagnosis with a test with 95% sensitivity and specificity.

<p>Costs, clinical outcomes and antibiotic prescription at various prevalence rates and for patients receiving no treatment, empirical treatment, diagnosis using the latex test and diagnosis with a test with 95% sensitivity and specificity.</p

Costs (USD).

a<p>Cost of doxycycline (100 mg) 14 capsules in Thailand</p>b<p>Cost as of 2004 of lateral flow, MCAT, latex test.</p>c<p>Treatment of side effect symptoms such as antiemetic drug or antihistamine for rash.</p><p>With work loss, 1 day at minimum earning (5.25 USD) assumed.</p><p>There is no additional cost to patients not receiving antibiotics or to being cured.</p>d<p>Estimate of hospital costs, including intravenous antibiotics, other treatment.</p

Values and sources of inputs used in the decision model.

<p>Values and sources of inputs used in the decision model.</p