The characteristic polynomials of uniform hypercycles with length four

Let $C_{m}$ be a cycle with length $m.$ The $k$-uniform hypercycle with length $m$ obtained by adding $k-2$ new vertices in every edge of $C_{m},$ denoted by $C_{m,k}.$ In this paper, we obtain some trace formulas of uniform hypercycles with length four. Moreover, we give the characteristic polynomials of uniform hypercycles with length four

The ∘\circ operation and ∗* operation of Cohen-Macaulay bipartite graphs

Let $G$ be a finite simple graph with the vertex set $V$ and let $I_G$ be its edge ideal in the polynomial ring $S=\mathbb{K}[x_V]$. In this paper, we compute the depth and the Castelnuovo--Mumford regularity of $S/I_G$ when $G=G_1\circ G_2$ or $G=G_1* G_2$ is a graph obtained from Cohen-Macaulay bipartite graphs $G_1$, $G_2$ by $\circ$ operation or $*$ operation, respectively.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2308.0601

The Natural Ecology and Stock Enhancement of the Edible Jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye, 1891) in the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, China

Among the edible jellyfish species, Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye, 1891, is one of the most abundant jellyfish species consumed. Therefore, this jellyfish species is an important fisheries source in China. The jellyfish fisheries in China show annually considerable fluctuations and have a very short season. In the chapter, we firstly try to review the natural ecology of R. esculentum, which includes the distribution and migration, growth model, and survival rate in the Liaodong Bay (LDB) based on the results of our field studies for more than 20 years. Secondly, we focus on reviewing the jellyfish fishery and population dynamic in the LDB. Thirdly, we emphasize the themes, including the survey methods, catch prediction, enhancement assessment, and fishery management, based on our survey results from 2005 to 2010. Finally, we present our field and experiment results of resource restoration. The high commercial value of R. esculentum enhancement in the LDB has made this a very successful enterprise

RpoN (σ54) Is Required for Floc Formation but Not for Extracellular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in a Floc-Forming Aquincola tertiaricarbonis Strain.

Some bacteria are capable of forming flocs, in which bacterial cells become self-flocculated by secreted extracellular polysaccharides and other biopolymers. The floc-forming bacteria play a central role in activated sludge, which has been widely utilized for the treatment of municipal sewage and industrial wastewater. Here, we use a floc-forming bacterium, Aquincolatertiaricarbonis RN12, as a model to explore the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides and the regulation of floc formation. A large gene cluster for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and a gene encoding the alternative sigma factor RpoN1, one of the four paralogues, have been identified in floc formation-deficient mutants generated by transposon mutagenesis, and the gene functions have been further confirmed by genetic complementation analyses. Interestingly, the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides remained in the rpoN1-disrupted flocculation-defective mutants, but most of the exopolysaccharides were secreted and released rather than bound to the cells. Furthermore, the expression of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes seemed not to be regulated by RpoN1. Taken together, our results indicate that RpoN1 may play a role in regulating the expression of a certain gene(s) involved in the self-flocculation of bacterial cells but not in the biosynthesis and secretion of exopolysaccharides required for floc formation.IMPORTANCE Floc formation confers bacterial resistance to predation of protozoa and plays a central role in the widely used activated sludge process. In this study, we not only identified a large gene cluster for biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides but also identified four rpoN paralogues, one of which (rpoN1) is required for floc formation in A. tertiaricarbonis RN12. In addition, this RpoN sigma factor regulates the transcription of genes involved in biofilm formation and swarming motility, as previously shown in other bacteria. However, this RpoN paralogue is not required for the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides, which are released and dissolved into culture broth by the rpoN1 mutant rather than remaining tightly bound to cells, as observed during the flocculation of the wild-type strain. These results indicate that floc formation is a regulated complex process, and other yet-to-be identified RpoN1-dependent factors are involved in self-flocculation of bacterial cells via exopolysaccharides and/or other biopolymers

Study on deformation characteristics of underground pipeline corridors and uneven settlement factors of foundations in sandy chalky soil layer

Uneven settlement phenomenon is very easy to occur in the sandy pulverized ground stratum, the underground pipe corridor longitudinal and transverse stiffness difference is obvious, so that it is easy to crack and deformation due to uneven settlement in this type of stratum. This paper carries out research on uneven settlement and cracking and deformation of Qihe tube corridor, analyzes the reasons leading to uneven settlement and the factors affecting the deformation and cracking of the tube corridor, and provides guidance for foundation treatment and tube corridor repair and mixing and reinforcement. It was found that the concrete structure of the corridor itself had exposed reinforcement, pockmarks and holes, and that cracks on the structure of the corridor sprouted and expanded from these defects. Defects and damages on the concrete structure of the pipeline corridor are contributing factors to the deformation and cracking of the members, and the uneven settlement of the foundation is the main initiating factor for the cracking and deformation. The analysis of the numerical simulation results of similar underground pipeline corridors is carried out, and it is found that the simulation results are consistent with the deformation characteristics of the Qihe pipeline corridor, which further supports the conclusions of this paper. The main stratigraphic factors contributing to the inhomogeneous settlement were found to be the water-rich and loose bodies in the lower part of the strata, as revealed by the physical means and the experimental verification boreholes. Localized hydraulic effects such as pumping further accelerate the uneven settlement of the foundation

Characterization and comparisons of microbiota in different intestinal segments between adult Chinese Shanxi Black Pigs and Large White Pigs

The carcass weight of Chinese Shanxi Black Pigs is relatively lower in comparison with that of the counterparts, i.e., Large White Pigs, although the former are resistant to harsh conditions. Since gut microflora has been recognized to play a key role in pork production, it is of interest to explore the microbial communities in different intestinal segments of pigs and its potential relatedness with host features. In this study, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, accompanied by the inter- and intra-group comparisons, was implemented to investigate the structure composition and potential functions of microbial communities of four distinct intestinal segments [duodenum (D), jejunum (J), ileum (I), and cecum (C)] between adult Chinese Shanxi Black Pigs and Large White Pigs. Comparative survey revealed that the dominant phylum in both breeds was Firmicutes, followed by Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, Lactobacillus was predominant in all samples, and Prevotella was specifically prevalent in the cecum. Further inspection showed the differences of dominant species in the same segments between these two groups. Notably, unique taxa in C and D segments were more than that in I and J segments. Additionally, each segment was characterized by specifically enriched genera, and distinctive pathways were predicted in certain intestinal segments. In short, the findings presented a coherent picture of structure composition and predicted functionalities of gut microbiota in diverse intestinal segments of adult Chinese Shanxi Black Pigs and Large White Pigs, and extend the understanding of potential link between intestinal microbiota and their hosts

Life-course social disparities in body mass index trajectories across adulthood: cohort study evidence from China health and nutrition survey

Background: The social disparities in obesity may originate in early life or in adulthood, and the associations of socioeconomic position (SEP) with obesity could alter over time. It is unclear how lifetime-specific and life-course SEP influence adult obesity development in China. Methods: Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), three SEP-related indicators, including the father’s occupational position and the participant’s education and occupational position, were obtained. The life-course socioeconomic changes and a cumulative SEP score were established to represent the life-course SEP of the participants in the study. The growth mixture modeling was used to identify BMI trajectories in adulthood. Multinomial logistic regression was adopted to assess the associations between SEP and adult BMI trajectories. Results: A total of 3,138 participants were included in the study. A positive correlation was found between the paternal occupational position, the participants’ occupational position, education, and obesity in males, whereas an inverse correlation was observed among females. Males who experienced social upward mobility or remained stable high SEP during the follow-up had 2.31 and 2.52-fold risks of progressive obesity compared to those with a stable-low SEP. Among females, stable high SEP in both childhood and adulthood was associated with lower risks of progressive obesity (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.94). Higher risks of obesity were associated with the life-course cumulative SEP score among males, while the opposite relationship was observed among females. Conclusions: The associations between life-course SEP and BMI development trajectories differed significantly by gender. Special emphasis should be placed on males experiencing upward and stable high socioeconomic change

Effects of potential risk factors on the development of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and mortality among the elders in China

Objectives: To examine the impact of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors on the development of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and mortality in Chinese elders. Methods: Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) 2002–2018 was used in the study. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more cardiometabolic disorders, such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart disease, or stroke. Cox regression model and multi-state Markov model were developed to evaluate the association of the study factors with the progression of cardiometabolic conditions and mortality. The outcomes included three states (first cardiometabolic disease, cardiometabolic multimorbidity, and all-cause mortality) and five possible transitions among the three states. Results: Of the 13,933 eligible individuals, 7,917 (56.8%) were female, and 9,540 (68.50%) were over 80 years old. 2,766 (19.9%) participants had their first cardiometabolic disease, 975 (7.0%) participants suffered from cardiometabolic multimorbidity, and 9,365 (67.2%) participants died. The progression to cardiometabolic multimorbidity was positively associated with being female (HR = 1.42; 95%CI, 1.10 − 1.85), living in the city (HR = 1.41; 95%CI, 1.04 − 1.93), overweight (HR = 1.43; 95%CI, 1.08 − 1.90), and obesity (HR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.03 − 2.98). A higher risk for the first cardiometabolic disease was associated with being female (HR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.15 − 1.39), higher socioeconomic status (SES, HR = 1.17; 95%CI, 1.07 − 1.28), lack of regular physical activity (HR = 1.13; 95%CI, 1.04 − 1.23), smoking (HR = 1.20; 95%CI, 1.08 − 1.33), ≤ 5 h sleep time (HR = 1.15; 95%CI, 1.02 − 1.30), overweight (HR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.32 − 1.66), and obesity (HR = 1.34; 95%CI, 1.06 − 1.69). It also should be noted that not in marriage, lower SES and unhealthy behavioral patterns were risk factors for mortality. Conclusion: This study emphasized the importance of lifestyle and SES in tackling the development of cardiometabolic conditions among Chinese elders and provided a reference for policy-makers to develop a tailored stage-specific intervention strategy

PERK-Mediated Cholesterol Excretion from IDH Mutant Glioma Determines Anti-Tumoral Polarization of Microglia

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, a known pathologic classifier, initiates metabolic reprogramming in glioma cells and has been linked to the reaction status of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs). However, it remains unclear how IDH genotypes contribute to GAM phenotypes. Here, it is demonstrated that gliomas expressing mutant IDH determine M1-like polarization of GAMs, while archetypal IDH induces M2-like polarization. Intriguingly, IDH-mutant gliomas secrete excess cholesterol, resulting in cholesterol-rich, pro-inflammatory GAMs without altering their cholesterol biosynthesis, and simultaneously exhibiting low levels of tumoral cholesterol due to expression remodeling of cholesterol transport molecules, particularly upregulation of ABCA1 and downregulation of LDLR. Mechanistically, a miR-19a/LDLR axis-mediated novel post-transcriptional regulation of cholesterol uptake is identified, modulated by IDH mutation, and influencing tumor cell proliferation and invasion. IDH mutation-induced PERK activation enhances cholesterol export from glioma cells via the miR-19a/LDLR axis and ABCA1/APOE upregulation. Further, a synthetic PERK activator, CCT020312 is introduced, which markedly stimulates cholesterol efflux from IDH wild-type glioma cells, induces M1-like polarization of GAMs, and consequently suppresses glioma cell invasion. The findings reveal an essential role of the PERK/miR-19a/LDLR signaling pathway in orchestrating gliomal cholesterol transport and the subsequent phenotypes of GAMs, thereby highlighting a novel potential target pathway for glioma therapy