1 research outputs found
Accelerated Bone Regeneration by Two-Photon Photoactivated Carbon Nitride Nanosheets
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal
stem cells (hBMSCs) present
promising opportunities for therapeutic medicine. Carbon derivatives
showed only marginal enhancement in stem cell differentiation toward
bone formation. Here we report that red-light absorbing carbon nitride
(C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) sheets lead to remarkable proliferation
and osteogenic differentiation by runt-related transcription factor
2 (Runx2) activation, a key transcription factor associated with osteoblast
differentiation. Accordingly, highly effective hBMSCs-driven mice
bone regeneration under red light is achieved (91% recovery after
4 weeks compared to 36% recovery in the standard control group in
phosphate-buffered saline without red light). This fast bone regeneration
is attributed to the deep penetration strength of red light into cellular
membranes <i>via</i> tissue and the resulting efficient
cell stimulation by enhanced photocurrent upon two-photon excitation
of C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> sheets near cells. Given that the photoinduced
charge transfer can increase cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> accumulation,
this increase would promote nucleotide synthesis and cellular proliferation/differentiation.
The cell stimulation enhances hBMSC differentiation toward bone formation,
demonstrating the therapeutic potential of near-infrared two-photon
absorption of C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> sheets in bone regeneration
and fracture healing