NEW SECURITY PARADIGM – THE USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A FORM OF THREAT TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY STATE

Abstract Islamic State depends on the recruitment of foreign fighters to execute attacks in their home countries. This paper examines the influence of social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube in the indoctrination and direction of young people into extremist and terrorist collectives. The study wholly depended on the qualitative analysis in unfolding the concerns related to social media and terrorism activities. After an in-depth exploration, the paper has proven that a good number of attacks are launched by homegrown terrorists who are self-radicalized and indoctrinated through YouTube videos, Facebook groups, and Tweets. Following this discovery, the researchers recommend collaboration between the social media owners and intelligence security agencies in combating terrorist activities online. The social media owners’ help in monitoring terrorists’ activities on their websites would thus help in improving the intelligence and the general security of the country

Pokušaji teorijskog određenja pojma energetske bezbednosti kao činioca determinacije međunarodnog političko-bezbednosnog sistema

At the beginning of the 21st century, a matter of achieving the energy security, as an essentially important element of the global security system, has become one of the priorities of global politics. This has caused it to become more topical and increased its importance in international relations. The possession of energy reserves provides nations with a number of comparative advantages in contemporary international politics, and with a place among the leading centers of power on a planetary level. This fact gives a special meaning to energy security, because energy resources are an important lever by which nations project their power and influence. The correlation between energy resources and the strengthening of positions and roles of nations in international politics is undeniable and easily verifiable. The paper analyzes and partly explains various attempts to theoretically define the concept of energy security in the context of its growing importance in international relations and the impact on the strengthening of the projected positions of nations as subjects of international order. Nominal definition of the concept of “energy security” has been made more difficult by the fact that there is no universally acceptable definition of the concept of “security”, as well as that there coexist various theoretical approaches to its definition. In the scientific and technical literature, the prevalent concept is that the content and scope of the concept of security today have been substantially expanded due to the continued widening of the limits of its problem framework. The basic characteristics of most of these definitions are non-equivalence – disproportionality and inadequacy. Namely, they are either too narrow and do not include all the contents and essential factors of the security, or they are too wide, and the concept is lost in the range of phenomena. Therefore, in the conceptual sense this term is so debatable that it is not even closely possible to reach an agreement on its meaning. The attempt to define the syntagm of “energy security” reveals the same tendencies as in determining the meaning of the term “security”. Namely, there is a proliferation of different theoretical approaches, as well as differences in the definition of this syntagm, which are substantially determined by, among other things, the status that individual nations have in the global energy system.Početkom XXI veka jedan od prioriteta globalne politike postalo je pitanje ostvarivanja energetske bezbednosti, kao suštinski važnog elemenata sistema globalne bezbednosti, što je uslovilo njenu aktuelizaciju i porast značaja u međunarodnim odnosima. Posedovanje rezervi energenata omogućava državama niz komparativnih prednosti u savremenoj međunarodnoj politici i obezbeđuje im mesto među vodećim centrima moći na planetarnom nivou. Ova činjenica energetskoj bezbednosti daje posebnu dimenziju, jer energetski resursi predstavljaju značajnu polugu kojom države projektuju svoju moć i uticaj. Korelacija između energetskih resursa i jačanja pozicija i uloga država u međunarodnoj politici je nesporna i lako dokaziva. U radu su analizirani i delom objašnjeni različiti pokušaji teorijskog definisanja pojma energetske bezbednosti u kontekstu porasta njenog značaja u međunarodnim odnosima i uticaja na jačanje projektovanih pozicija država kao subjekata međunarodnog poretka. Nominalno definisanje pojma “energetska bezbednost” otežano je činjenicom da ne postoji univerzalno prihvatljiva definicija pojma “bezbednost”, kao i da egzistiraju različiti teorijski pristupi u njegovom definisanju. U naučno-stručnoj literaturi preovladava shvatanje da su sadržaj i obim pojma bezbednost danas suštinski prošireni usled stalnog širenja granica njenog problemskog polja. Osnovne odlike najvećeg broja tih definicija su neekvivalentnost - nesrazmernost i neadekvatnost. Naime, ili su preuske i ne obuhvataju sve sadržaje i bitne činioce bezbednosti, ili su preširoke, pa se pojam gubi u širini pojava. Stoga je u konceptualnom smislu ovaj pojam toliko sporan da nije ni približno moguće postići saglasnost oko njegovog značenja. Pri pokušaju definisanja sintagme “energetska bezbednost” primećuju su tendencije kao i pri određivanju značenja pojma “bezbednost”. Naime, postoji proliferacija različitih teorijskih pristupa , kao i razlike u definisanju ove sintagme koje su u znatnoj meri determinisane, pored ostalog, i statusom koji pojedine države imaju u globalnom energetskom sistemu

DIVERZITET I ANALIZA KVALITATIVNOG SASTAVA BILJNE ZAJEDNICE STRNIŠTA KAO POTENCIJALNE KRME

In the plant communities on stubble, 25 taxons were determined, classified into 22 genera and 13 families. Of the 7 most pre-stated families, five are present in this micro-company where asteraceae have 6 taxons (27.27%), Lamiaceae five species (20%) and Poaceae three representatives (12%). As feed can be used: Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Elymus repens (L.) Gould., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L. and Leontodon hispidus L. Potentially toxic to domestic animals are: Colchicum autumnale L., Equisetum arvense L., Equisetum telmateia Ehrh., Ranunculus bulbosus L., Sonhus arvensis L.Publishe

Seizmološki hazardi i mogućnost odgovora - studija slučaja humanitarna katastrofa u Nepalu

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Influence of process parameters on hawthorn (Crataegus Monogyna Jack.) extraction

Given that many synthetic medications can induce a variety of negative reactions in patients, a search for natural substances with minimal side effects in patients has been conducted. Nowadays, researchers are focusing on plant medicines, which have been used to heal illnesses since ancient times. The plant Crataegus monogyna Jack. (hawthorn) is the most abuntant plant in the Rosaceae family that is also used in traditional medicine. C. monogyna\u27s pharmaceutical, phytochemical, functional, and therapeutic qualities are based on a wide range of useful secondary metabolites, which include phenolic compound (flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins), vitamin C and antioxidants. Total (poly)phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins contents in C. monogyna Jacq. extracts were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminium chloride and the pH differential methods, respectively. The extraction lasted 15 to 120 min, with a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:15 w/v and 1:30 w/v and solvents of 30% and 60% ethanol. According to the results, the extraction process has the highest velocity within the first 15 min, when the majority of (poly)phenols and flavonoids are extracted, but it becomes slower as time passes. Higher yields are obtained by utilizing a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:30 w/v rather than a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:15 w/v, which indicates that when the amount of drug increases over a certain optimal value, the resistance to mass transfer from a solid material to liquid increases. Finally, the results about the impact of the ethanol content in the solvent demonstrate that a larger ethanol content greatly favors the extraction of flavonoids, but this is not as evident for the extraction of total (poly)phenols and anthocyanins

Analysis of the relationship between China and Taiwan: Ambitions and realpolitik

The main ambition of this paper is to explain and analyze the difficult relations between China and Taiwan and its possible consequences for the regional and international security. The role of the United States is considered as a key actor. It permits to understand the strategies of the different actors due to the strong support given by Washington to Taiwan. The economic relations between the two neighbors are also interesting, to show how the topic is complex and sensitive. Our goal is to propose an analysis mentioning the ambitions of the different sides and their limits due to the realpolitik

Productivity of natural grassland of the order Arrhenatheretalia depending on nitrogen fertilization level

Natural grasslands are major animal feed resources in the moutainous region of Serbia. Proper use of mineral fertilizers in these grasslands can lead to a multiple increase in productivity. The paper analyzes the effect of NPK fertilizers with different levels of nitrogen (unfertilized - A0; N60:P40:K40 - A1; N100:P40:K40 - A2; N140:P40:K40 - A3) on forage yield and botanical composition of natural grassland of the Arrhenatheretalia order on the slopes of Mount Kopaonik. With the increase of the amount of nitrogen applied in spring from 40 to 80 kg ha-1, forage and hay yields also increased, whereas further increase innitrogen quantity to 120 kg ha-1 resulted in the absence of the increasing yield trend. In the second cut, there were lower forage and hay yields compared to the first cut. A total of 50 different plant species of 44 genera and 20 families were identified on the grassland. In both cuts, in all fertilized treatments, the grass percentage was significantly higher than the control. The percentage of legumes in the first cut was low, while it significantly decreased in the second crop with the increase in the level of fertilizer. The percentage of other plants was higher in the second cut, as compared to the first one, and it significantly decreased in both cuts with the increase in fertilizer rate

NPK fertilisation of natural grassland for the development of a sustainable management system

In this study, the effect of NPK fertilization with different nitrogen rates on the dry matter yield and botanical composition of a Festucetum pratense natural grassland was analysed in a 10-year field trial. The experiment was conducted in the period 2011–2020 in central Serbia, 1000 m above sea level. The fertiliser treatments included: control without fertilisers, N60:P40:K40, N100:P40:K40, and N140:P40:K40 kg/ha per year. The mineral fertilisation treatments had a significant effect on the dry matter yield and botanical composition of the grassland, especially in the first cut, resulting in a lower total number of plant species in the grassland. The effect of fertilization on dry matter yield and botanical composition was largely dependent on weather conditions. In the last years of the trial, the dry matter yield gradually decreased under the fertiliser treatments, which is a consequence of the decrease in diversity. Satisfactory results on this grassland can be achieved with low nitrogen fertiliser applications combined with the maintenance of plant diversity as a basis for sustainable grassland management in temperate latitudes

Terrorism - a hardly predicted threat in tourism

The paper discusses the basic indicators of security anomalies present in studying specific relationships between terrorism and tourism, i.e. the reasons for which tourism is attractive for terrorists. It further presents the consequences of the terrorist attacks on tourism industry and points to the most significant measures in the field of crisis management used by individual countries in mitigating the effects of the terrorist attacks on tourists, tourism destinations, national economy and a country's image. The authors come to the conclusion that after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 in the USA, it is hard to apply the old methods and strategies to restore the confidence of tourists in a tourism destination, and that each specific case requires a careful analysis. The present times imply new contents in the implementation of counterterrorist engineering. It all aims at providing adequate responses to terrorism as a serious threat, which is hardly predictable in general terms, not only in tourism