Оптимизация применения технологических составов для обработки скважин на нефтяном месторождении "Х" (Томская область)

Цель исследования – анализ методов и технологий химической защиты внутрискважинного оборудования от осложнений на месторождении "Х". Объектом исследования являются осложнения, возникающие при эксплуатации нефтяных скважин и химические методы их предотвращения. В процессе исследования была подробно рассмотрена классификация современных рецептур (по действующему веществу) ингибиторов солеотложений, а также перспективы по применению более совершенных реагентов. Проведен анализ технологий и сопутствующих им химических реагентов, применяющихся для борьбы с солеотложениями и коррозией на месторождении "Х". Проанализированы современные тренды при организации ингибиторной защиты от солеотложений и коррозии. В результате исследования выявлен положительный эффект ингибирования скважин капсулированныThe purpose of the study is to analyze the methods and technologies of chemical protection of downhole equipment from complications at the “X” field. The object of research is the complications arising from the operation of oil wells and chemical methods to prevent them. In the course of the study, the classification of modern formulations (according to the active substance) of scale inhibitors, as well as prospects for the use of more sophisticated reagents, were reviewed in detail. The analysis of technologies and related chemical reagents used to combat scaling and corrosion in the field "X". Analyzed modern trends in the organization of inhibitor protection against scaling and corrosion. The study revealed a positive effect of inhibition of wells with encapsulated reagents and reagent

Комплексная эколого-геохимическая оценка состояния природной среды на территории г. Горняк (Алтайский край)

Объектом исследования является территория г. Горняк (Алтайский край). Предметом исследования являются компоненты природной среды (волосы, накипь, почва, материал хвостохранилищ и листья тополя). Цель работы – изучить элементный состав природной среды и организма человека на территории г. Горняк (Алтайский край).The object of the study is the territory of the town of Gornyak (Altai Territory). The subject of the study is the components of the natural environment (hair, scale, soil, tailings material and poplar leaves). The purpose of the work is to study the elemental composition of the natural environment and the human body in the city of Gornyak (Altai Territory)

Conjugation to the Cell-Penetrating Peptide TAT Potentiates the Photodynamic Effect of Carboxytetramethylrhodamine

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can transport macromolecular cargos into live cells. However, the cellular delivery efficiency of these reagents is often suboptimal because CPP-cargo conjugates typically remain trapped inside endosomes. Interestingly, irradiation of fluorescently labeled CPPs with light increases the release of the peptide and its cargos into the cytosol. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon is not clear. Here we investigate the molecular basis of the photo-induced endosomolytic activity of the prototypical CPPs TAT labeled to the fluorophore 5(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TMR).We report that TMR-TAT acts as a photosensitizer that can destroy membranes. TMR-TAT escapes from endosomes after exposure to moderate light doses. However, this is also accompanied by loss of plasma membrane integrity, membrane blebbing, and cell-death. In addition, the peptide causes the destruction of cells when applied extracellularly and also triggers the photohemolysis of red blood cells. These photolytic and photocytotoxic effects were inhibited by hydrophobic singlet oxygen quenchers but not by hydrophilic quenchers.Together, these results suggest that TAT can convert an innocuous fluorophore such as TMR into a potent photolytic agent. This effect involves the targeting of the fluorophore to cellular membranes and the production of singlet oxygen within the hydrophobic environment of the membranes. Our findings may be relevant for the design of reagents with photo-induced endosomolytic activity. The photocytotoxicity exhibited by TMR-TAT also suggests that CPP-chromophore conjugates could aid the development of novel Photodynamic Therapy agents

Expression of glypican-4 in haematopoietic-progenitor and bone-marrow-stromal cells.

Heparan sulphate proteoglycans and the extracellular matrix of bone-marrow-stromal cells are important components of the microenvironment of haematopoietic tissues and are involved in the interaction of haematopoietic stem and stromal cells. Previous studies have emphasized the role of heparan sulphate proteoglycan synthesis by bone-marrow-stromal cells. In the present study we describe the expression of glypican-4 (GPC-4), belonging to the glypican family, in bone-marrow-stromal cells and haematopoietic-progenitor cells of human and murine origin. Expression of GPC-4 was shown on the mRNA-level by reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot analysis. Amplification products were cloned and sequenced, to confirm these results. To analyze the expression of GPC-4 on the protein level, polyclonal antibodies against selected peptides were raised in rabbits. Western blot analysis showed expression of GPC-4 as a heparan sulphate proteoglycan in the human haematopoietic-progenitor cell line TF-1 and normal human bone marrow. These results were confirmed by FACS analysis of TF-1 cells. Furthermore, GPC-4-positive progenitor cells and stromal cells were enriched from normal human bone marrow by magnetic-cell sorting and analysed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy