4 research outputs found
ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
Exosomes and microvesicles, collectively referred to as small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are vesicles with an average size of about 100-150 nm. Currently, the role of sEV in various aspects of signaling in the body is being actively investigated; in addition, sEV can often serve as markers of various pathologies. The active study of the sEV composition is continuing. In this study we have demonstrated that in sEV it is possible to determine cholesterol and triglycerides concentration by using commercial kits designed for serum. The technique was tested on sEV from the blood of patients diagnosed with depression and on healthy volunteers. No differences were found in the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in mEV from the blood serum of depressed patients and the control group. The concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the samples is several times higher than the sensitivity threshold of the methods set by the manufacturer of the kits.ΠΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ (ΠΌΠΠ), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 100-150 Π½ΠΌ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΠ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΌΠΠ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΠ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π° Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
. Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠΠ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
Π§ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ» ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ
Blood exosomes and microvesicles, collectively known as small extracellular vesicles (sEV), are vesicles about 100-150 nm in size. Small
EV are involved in various aspects of signaling in the body; in addition, they can serve as markers of various pathologies. For biochemical studies,
vesicle solubilization is often required. We tested the ability of various detergents to dissolve membranes of the sEV. Small EV were isolated from
the blood serum of healthy volunteers by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-2B and tried to solubilize them using the anionic detergent DOC (sodium
deoxycholate), non-ionic detergent Brij 35 (polyoxyethyleneglycol dodecyl ether), zwitterionic detergent CHAPS (3 - [(3-chloramidopropyl)
dimethylammonio] -1-propanesulfonate), and cationic detergent CTAB (cetyl trimethylammonium bromide). The concentration of sEV in the
solution was determined by dynamic light scattering. We find DOC is the most effective for sEV solubilization.ΠΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ (ΠΌΠΠ), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ
ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 100-150 Π½ΠΌ. ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅; ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ». ΠΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΠ. ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Sepharose CL-2B ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° DOC (Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ),
Π½Π΅ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Brij 35 (Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ), ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° CHAPS (3-[(3-Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»)
Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΎ]-1-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ), ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° CTAB (ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄). ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΠ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. Π‘Π°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΠ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ DOC
The Missing Link: How Exosomes and miRNAs can Help in Bridging Psychiatry and Molecular Biology in the Context of Depression, Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) only recently have been recognized as promising molecules for both fundamental and clinical neuroscience. We provide a literature review of miRNA biomarker studies in three most prominent psychiatric disorders (depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia) with the particular focus on depression due to its social and healthcare importance. Our search resulted in 191 unique miRNAs across 35 human studies measuring miRNA levels in blood, serum or plasma. 30 miRNAs replicated in more than one study. Most miRNAs targeted neuroplasticity and neurodevelopment pathways. Various limitations do not allow us to make firm conclusions on clinical potential of studied miRNAs. Based on our results we discuss the rationale for future research investigations of exosomal mechanisms to overcome methodological caveats both in studying etiology and pathogenesis, and providing an objective back-up for clinical decisions. Β© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Elevated Levels of Serum Exosomes in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Exosomes are small (30-100 nm) vesicles of the endocytic membrane that may be found in the endosome system of multivesicular organs and are released after fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Exosomes function as carriers for specific loads and are stable in biological fluids; hence, exosomes are considered as potential biomarkers of different diseases. The degree of involvement and functional significance of exosomes in pathogenesis of depression have been poorly studied. The development of diagnostic methods for depressive disorders based on the analysis of circulating exosomes is very promising, despite the methodological complications related to their isolation and identification. The purpose of this study was to isolate exosomes from the blood serum of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and compare them with healthy volunteers using different methods of evaluation. The concentration of serum exosomes assessed using the methods of dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and the enzyme-linked immunoassay was statistically elevated in patients with MDD compared to healthy volunteers. The possible connection between the increased level of serum exosomes with the cell-mediated immune activation that is seen in depression is discussed