Strains of soil microorganisms promising for the creation of a complex plant protection product against mycoses and harmful insects

We evaluated the antagonistic activity of 23 strains of Bacillus spр. against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. moniliforme, Cladosporium herbarum, Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus niger. The antagonistic activity was tested by agar diffusion (the method of blocks). For determining the influence of bacteria on barley plants , ardent seeds were treated by cultural liquid (dilution 1 : 10) for 2 hours and germinated in Petri dishes on moist filter paper. The fungistatic effect of Bacillus sрp. separately and in combination with entomopathogens (in equal ratio) was determined by the level of inhibition of the fungi Fusarium spp. on a solid nutrient medium with 5% of the culture liquid. Insecticidal activity of microorganisms was determined in the model experiments by the percentage of death of the caterpillar Archips podana Scop. Strains of Bacillus sp. KMB-3 and Bacillus sp. KMB-6 inhibited the growth of all test cultures (zones of growth inhibition 11.4–30.6 and 11.5–29.4 mm, respectively). We established the absence of antagonism between selected strains and entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis IMB-7186, fungi Beauveria bassiana IMB-F-100043. We found that treatment of barley seeds with culture liquids of Bacillus sp. KMB-3 and Bacillus sp. KMB-6 didn’t have a negative effect on the morphometric indices and dry weight of seedlings. We established that the highest percentage of growth inhibition of F. culmorum IMB-F-50716 was provided by a complex of Bacillus sp. KMB-3, B. bassiana IMB-F-100043 and B. thuringiensis IMB-7186, whose action was at the same level as the action of monoculture Bacillus sp. KMB-3 (85.4% and 84.7%, respectively). The highest percentage inhibition of growth of F. oxysporum ІМВ-F-54201 was provided by a complex of strains of Bacillus sp. KMB-3 and B. bassiana IMB-F-100043, whose effect was slightly inferior to that of the monoculture Bacillus sp. KMB-3 (68.4% and 75.1%, respectively). The insecticidal activity of complexes Bacillus sp. KMB-3, B. bassiana IMB-F-100043, B. thuringiensis IMB-7186 or Bacillus sp. KMB-6, B. bassiana IMB-F-100043, B. thuringiensis IMB-7186 insignificantly differed from that of the complex entomopathogens B. bassiana IMB-F-100043 and B. thuringiensis IMB-7186 (71.1%, 73.3% death versus 80.0%). The selected microbial complexes can be considered as promising for the development of a preparation for the protection of plants against fungal diseases and harmful insects

Скринінг ґрунтових штамів мікроміцетів – антагоністів грибних і бактеріальних патогенів рослин

The antagonistic activity of 23 strains of micromycetes belonging to different taxonomic groups, against phythopathogenic bacteria and fungi was studied. The antagonistic activity of the micromycetes was tested by agar diffusion (the method of blocks). For the determination of the influence of the micromycetes on plants, spring barley seeds were treated by cultural liquid of fungi (dilution 1 : 10) for 24 hours and germinated in Petri dishes on moist filter paper. Two strains Trichoderma longibrachiatum 17 and T. lignorum 14 showed the highest antagonistic activity against the phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. T. longibrachiatum 17 actively suppressed the growth of fungi Fusarium oxysporum 54201, F. culmorum 50716, F. oxysporum 12, F. moniliforme 23, Cladosporium herbarum 16878, Alternaria alternata 16, Aspergillus niger 25 and bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens 8628, Xanthomonas campestris 8003b, Pectobacterium carotovorum 8982, Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens 8254, P. syringae pv. lachrymans 7595, zones inhibition of growth were 20.7–38.3 and 14.7–24.7 mm, respectively. The strain of T. lignorum 14 inhibited the growth of fungi F. culmorum 50716, C. herbarum 16878, F. moniliforme 23, A. alternata 16, A. niger 25 and bacteria A. tumefaciens 8628, P. carotovorum 8982, P. syringae pv. atrofaciens 8254, P. syringae pv. lachrymans 7595, zones of inhibition of growth were 14.0–38.7 and 12.3–23.3 mm, respectively. Treatment of spring barley seeds by T. longibrachiatum 17 cultural liquid showed a positive effect on seed germination, both strains T. longibrachiatum 17 and T. lignorum 14 increased the dry weight of the roots (by 17.5% and 22.0%, respectively) and the stems (by 8.0%) of spring barley plants compared with the water-treated controls. The results presented in this article indicate that the strains T. longibrachiatum 17 and T. lignorum 14 can be recommended as promising microbial agents to protect plants from fungal and bacterial diseases.Оцінено антагоністичну активність 23 штамів мікроміцетів, що відносяться до представників різних систематичних груп, відносно фітопатогенних бактерій і грибів і перевірено вплив найактивніших штамів на рослини ячменя ярого. Найвищу антагоністичну активність відносно фітопатогенів проявили штами Trichoderma longibrachiatum 17 та T. lignorum 14. Найбільший спектр активності виявлено у штама Т. longibrachiatum 17, що пригнічував ріст семи тест-культур фітопатогенних грибів, представників родів Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium і бактерій Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas campestris, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pectobacterium carotovorum. Обробка культуральною рідиною Т. longibrachiatum 17 позитивно впливала на проростання насіння ячменя ярого, обидва штами мікроміцетів Т. longibrachiatum 17 та Т. lignorum 14 підвищували суху масу коренів (на 17,5% та 22,0%, відповідно) і пагонів (на 8,0%) рослин порівняно з контролем. Штами Т. longibrachiatum 17 та Т. lignorum 14 можуть бути використані для розробки біопрепарату захисту рослин від грибних і бактеріальних хвороб