Improvement of Gulf Cordgrass Range with Burning or Shredding

Shredding or burning during the spring, summer, or winter increased the live gulf cordgrass standing crop, decreased the dead gulf cordgrass standing crop, and increased the percentage of plants supporting inflorescences by the end of the first growing season after treatment on a clay site. The most favorable growth responses resulted from treatment in the spring, apparently because subsequent rainfall was greater than following summer treatments. Shredding generally stimulated herbaceous yields more than burning. Presumably the heavy mulch cover after shredding improved moisture relationships relative to the bare surface following fires. Burning or shredding resulted in less favorable responses on a saline fine sand than on the clay site. However, on the saline fine sand as on the clay site, shredding promoted production of gulf cordgrass more than did burning. Both methods are effective for improving gulf cordgrass range for livestock grazing, but burning is apparently the more economical alternative.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

Fachkonzeptionelle Spezifikation von Virtuellen Rathäusern: Ein Konzept zur Unterstützung der Implementierung

Kommunalverwaltungen bedienen sich des Mediums Internet, um Bürgern und Wirtschaft zu jeder Zeit und an jedem Ort die Möglichkeit zu bieten, Informations-, Kommunikations- und Transaktionsdienstleistungen der Verwaltung in Anspruch nehmen zu können. Bevor Verwaltungsdienstleistungen vollständig digital und medienbruchfrei sowohl bei der externen Inanspruchnahme als auch bei der internen Bearbeitung durchgeführt werden können, sollte den Anspruchsgruppen zunächst in adäquater Weise qualitativ hochwertige Informationen und Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten zu den Verwaltungsdienstleistungen zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Das 'Virtuelle Rathaus' ist probates Mittel zur Erreichung dieser Zielsetzung. Die Studie 'Virtuelles Rathaus Münsterland 2004' hat gezeigt, dass bei den derzeitigen Realisierungen im Münsterland einige Leistungslücken erkennbar sind. So fehlt es z. B. an einheitlichen und intuitiv verständlichen Navigationskonzepten, an strukturierten und einheitlichen Dienstleistungsbeschreibungen und an einem umfangreicheren Angebot. Weiterhin wurde festegestellt, dass gerade kleine und mittlere Verwaltungen keinerlei Konzepte und informationstechnische Unterstützung für die Realisierung des Virtuellen Rathauses besitzen. Dieser Status quo motivierte umfangreiche E-Government Projekttätigkeit im Münsterland. Das Projektseminar 'ProService', des Lehrstuhls für Wirtschaftsinformatik und Informationsmanagement der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, hat in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Kreis Warendorf und dem Kommunalrechenzentrum citeq, eine umfassende Anforderungsanalyse in Bezug auf das Virtuelle Rathaus durchgeführt. Basierend auf den ermittelten Anforderungen wird in diesem Dokument ein produktunabhängiges Fachkonzept vorgestellt

Non-affirmative Theory of Education as a Foundation for Curriculum Studies, Didaktik and Educational Leadership

This chapter presents non-affirmative theory of education as the foundation for a new research program in education, allowing us to bridge educational leadership, curriculum studies and Didaktik. We demonstrate the strengths of this framework by analyzing literature from educational leadership and curriculum theory/didaktik. In contrast to both socialization-oriented explanations locating curriculum and leadership within existing society, and transformation-oriented models viewing education as revolutionary or super-ordinate to society, non-affirmative theory explains the relation between education and politics, economy and culture, respectively, as non-hierarchical. Here critical deliberation and discursive practices mediate between politics, culture, economy and education, driven by individual agency in historically developed cultural and societal institutions. While transformative and socialization models typically result in instrumental notions of leadership and teaching, non-affirmative education theory, previously developed within German and Nordic education, instead views leadership and teaching as relational and hermeneutic, drawing on ontological core concepts of modern education: recognition; summoning to self-activity and Bildsamkeit. Understanding educational leadership, school development and teaching then requires a comparative multi-level approach informed by discursive institutionalism and organization theory, in addition to theorizing leadership and teaching as cultural-historical and critical-hermeneutic activity. Globalisation and contemporary challenges to deliberative democracy also call for rethinking modern nation-state based theorizing of education in a cosmopolitan light. Non-affirmative education theory allows us to understand and promote recognition based democratic citizenship (political, economical and cultural) that respects cultural, ethical and epistemological variations in a globopolitan era. We hope an American-European-Asian comparative dialogue is enhanced by theorizing education with a non-affirmative approach

Optimal foraging and community structure: implications for a guild of generalist grassland herbivores

A particular linear programming model is constructed to predict the diets of each of 14 species of generalist herbivores at the National Bison Range, Montana. The herbivores have body masses ranging over seven orders of magnitude and belonging to two major taxa: insects and mammals. The linear programming model has three feeding constraints: digestive capacity, feeding time and energy requirements. A foraging strategy that maximizes daily energy intake agrees very well with the observed diets. Body size appears to be an underlying determinant of the foraging parameters leading to diet selection. Species that possess digestive capacity and feeding time constraints which approach each other in magnitude have the most generalized diets. The degree that the linear programming models change their diet predictions with a given percent change in parameter values (sensitivity) may reflect the observed ability of the species to vary their diets. In particular, the species which show the most diet variability are those whose diets tend to be balanced between monocots and dicots. The community-ecological parameters of herbivore body-size ranges and species number can possibly be related to foraging behavior.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47765/1/442_2004_Article_BF00377109.pd

Control of Common Goldenweed with Herbicides and Associated Forage Release

Common goldenweed, an aggressive half-shrub, is rapidly increasing as a management problem on south Texas rangeland. Control with conventional foliar-applied herbicides has been erratic, with the extent of success apparently dictated primarily by growth conditions, especially soil moisture, at the time of treatment. After exceptionally high rainfall, applications of 2,4-D at 1.12 kg/ha in the spring or fall effectively controlled common goldenweed. When conditions were less than optimum for weed response, the addition of dicamba at 0.28 kg/ha with 2,4,-D or 2,4,5-T improved results compared to applications of phenoxy herbicides alone. Picloram was more effective than phenoxy herbicides or phenoxy/dicamba mixtures for common goldenweed control. Equal ratio combinations of picloram and 2,4,5-T were also effective and would be preferred where common goldenweed occurs with certain problem woody species. Within 1 year of treatment, 4.6 to 10.4 kg/ha of oven-dry forage was produced for each percentage unit of common goldenweed foliar cover removed by broadcast sprays. Successful treatments were effective for at least 3 years.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

Huisache Growth, Browse Quality, and Use Following Burning

Exposure of huisache plants to fire for 5, 10, or 20 sec on Coastal Prairie in June, August, October, or December 1979, and February or April 1980 usually killed canopies of 90% or more of the plants. However, all burned huisache plants sprouted following treatment, regardless of season or intensity of burning. Precipitation, rather than season of treatment appeared to regulate rate of huisache regrowth following burning. Huisache 1 to 2 m tall replaced their original heights by the end of the second growing season after burning. New growth of huisache plants burned in winter contained more crude protein and phosphorus into late summer, than did browse from unburned plants. Differences in crude protein contents between twigs from burned and unburned plants were greatest following significant rainfall; there were no differences during dry periods. Although burning in late August increased number of twigs available for browsing, it did not affect percentage of available huisache twigs which were browsed. Large browsers (white-tailed deer and cattle) and small animals (rodents and lagomorphs) apparently accounted for most browse removal during the first 60 to 90 days postburn. However, insects apparently consumed most of the huisache browse during the growing season following burning in August.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

Digestible Energy and Protein Content of Gulf Cordgrass following Burning or Shredding

Digestible energy and crude protein content of green gulf cordgrass forage was significantly increased for 30 to 90 days after burning or shredding on the Coastal Prairie. Within 30 days after treatment, digestible energy content ranged from 2,414 to 2,891 kcal/kg in regrowth on burned areas, and from 1,879 to 2,602 kcal/kg on shredded areas compared to 1,612 to 1,917 kcal/kg in green leaves of plants from untreated areas. Crude protein content at the same time was 9 to 11% following burning or shredding compared to 4 to 5% in green plant material from untreated areas. Differences in the nutritional components varied more with time after sampling within a season of treatment when they varied among seasons of treatment or between methods of treatment. Therefore, both burning and shredding have potential for increasing nutritional value of gulf cordgrass during the cool season, a period when other green forages are scarce on the Coastal Prairie.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

Huisache Control by Power Grubbing

Low-energy mechanical grubbing of huisache densities of 181 to 689 trees/ha, 1.8 to 2.6 m tall, reduced the canopy by 90 to 96% and killed 65 to 81% of the treated plants on the Coastal Prairie. Grubbing time was a linear function of huisache density and varied from 0.5 hr/ha for removal of 181 plants to 1.6 hr/ha for removal of 689 plants. Resprouting rapidly occurred from residual stem tissues if huisache stems were not grubbed to the first lateral root. Grubbing depth had to be increased as basal trunk diameter increased to ensure huisache mortality. Plants 1 to 4 cm in diameter were killed by grubbing 5 to 10 cm deep; plants with diameters of 6 to 15 cm required grubbing as deep as 20 cm for elimination. Soil disturbed by grubbing revegetated naturally within 15 months after treatment. Standing grass crop was unaffected 20 months after grubbing; but the relative proportions of cool-season grasses, Texas wintergrass and Canada wildrye, were increased, especially in the pits.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

Observations on white-tailed deer and habitat response to livestock grazing in south Texas

Since short duration grazing (SDG) was introduced to Texas, concern for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has magnified because they are a species of major economic importance to ranchers. The objective of this study was to observe the effects of SDG and continuous yearlong grazing (CG) on home ranges and movement indices of female deer, and on forage availability. The study was conducted on the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Refuge, near Sinton, Texas. The study area included a 10-pasture SDG cell and a CG pasture, each stocked at 2.8 ha/auy. Cattle grazed each SDG paddock 2 to 8 days; paddocks were rested 32 to 47 days. A total of 3,961 radio-fixes from 11 does was collected over an 11-month study period in 1983. Monthly and annual home ranges of does were similar (P > 0.05) between SDG (207 ha) and CG (229 ha). However, white-tailed deer traveled 35% more (P < 0.05) between fixes in SDG (449 m) than in CG (332 m) from May to August, a time of greatest physiological and nutritional stress for female deer in south Texas. Also, does avoided (P < 0.05) cattle during 2 cycles of the SDG rotation. The primary trend observed was for the deer under SDG to avoid cattle concentrations by alternating between preferred habitats rather than a predictable paddock-to-paddock movement. In general, there were few differences in total grass and forb cover between SDG and CG. However, several forage species important to deer were less frequent (P < 0.05) under SDG than CG.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

Contrasts of esophageal-fistula versus bite-count techniques to determine cattle diets

To understand how different techniques might affect diet estimates for cattle, the esophageal-fistula and bite-count techniques were compared using trained cattle. For the Texas Coastal Bend, bite-count was not as reliable a technique as the esophageal fistula. These techniques differed in estimation of forage classes and plant species in cattle diets. The esophageal-fistula technique was more accurate however, the bite-count technique may be acceptable if analyses are limited to only those plant species making up >2% of the diet.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202