Effects of acute hypoxia on the energy status and antioxidant defense system in the blood of carp - Cyprinvs carpio L.

The influence of acute hypoxia on glucose, pyruvate, lipid peroxide (LP) reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and lactate level in the whole blood of carp (Cyprinus carpio L) under aquarium conditions were studied. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the concentrations of ATP and ADP and ATP/ADP ratio in the red blood cells (RBCs) were analyzed. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was determined in the plasma. Our experiments showed that short-term and long-term hypoxia causes significant changes of all examined haema-tological parameters. Increased concentration of LP and increased SOD CAT and GST activities, as well as a decreased GSH-Px activity showed that under hypoxic conditions oxidative stress and RBCs damage were produced.Uticaj akutne hipoksije na koncentraciju glukoze, piruvata, lipidnih peroksida (LP), redukovanog glutationa (GSH) i na nivo laktata u krvi šarana (Cyprinu carpio L) je analiziran u akvarijumskim uslovima. U crvenim krvnim zrncima (RBCs) je analizirana aktivnost enzima superoksid-peroksidaze (GSH-Px) kao i koncentracije ATP, ADP i odnos ATP/ADP. U plazmi je analizirana aktivnost glutation S-transferaze (GST). U našim eksperimentima je utvrđeno da kratkotrajna progresivna hipoksija izaziva značajne promene svih ispitivanih hematoloških parametara. Povećanje koncentracije LP i povećanje aktivnosti enzima SOD, CAT i GST uz istovremeno smanjenje aktivnosti GSH-Px potvrđuju nastanak oksidacionog stresa i oštećenje RBCs pod hipoksičnim uslovima.nul

Effects of acute hypoxia on the energy status and antioxidant defense system in the blood of carp - Cyprinvs carpio L.

The influence of acute hypoxia on glucose, pyruvate, lipid peroxide (LP) reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and lactate level in the whole blood of carp (Cyprinus carpio L) under aquarium conditions were studied. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), the concentrations of ATP and ADP and ATP/ADP ratio in the red blood cells (RBCs) were analyzed. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was determined in the plasma. Our experiments showed that short-term and long-term hypoxia causes significant changes of all examined haema-tological parameters. Increased concentration of LP and increased SOD CAT and GST activities, as well as a decreased GSH-Px activity showed that under hypoxic conditions oxidative stress and RBCs damage were produced.Uticaj akutne hipoksije na koncentraciju glukoze, piruvata, lipidnih peroksida (LP), redukovanog glutationa (GSH) i na nivo laktata u krvi šarana (Cyprinu carpio L) je analiziran u akvarijumskim uslovima. U crvenim krvnim zrncima (RBCs) je analizirana aktivnost enzima superoksid-peroksidaze (GSH-Px) kao i koncentracije ATP, ADP i odnos ATP/ADP. U plazmi je analizirana aktivnost glutation S-transferaze (GST). U našim eksperimentima je utvrđeno da kratkotrajna progresivna hipoksija izaziva značajne promene svih ispitivanih hematoloških parametara. Povećanje koncentracije LP i povećanje aktivnosti enzima SOD, CAT i GST uz istovremeno smanjenje aktivnosti GSH-Px potvrđuju nastanak oksidacionog stresa i oštećenje RBCs pod hipoksičnim uslovima.nul

The politics of performance: transnationalism and its limits in former Yugoslav popular music, 1999–2004

This paper examines transnational relations between the Yugoslav successor states from the point of view of popular music, and demonstrates how transnational musical figures (such as Djordje Balaševi?, Mom?ilo Bajagi?-Bajaga and Ceca Ražnatovi?) are interpreted as symbolic reference points in national ethnopolitical discourse in the process of identity construction. Another symbolic function is served by Serbian turbofolk artists, who in Croatia serve as a cultural resource to distance oneself from a musical genre associated by many urban Croats with the ruralization (and Herzegovinization) of Croatian city space. In addition, value judgements associated with both Serbian and Croatian newly composed folk music provide an insight into the transnational negotiation of conflicting identities in the ex-Yugoslav context. Ultimately the paper shows how the ethnonational boundaries established by nationalizing ideologies created separate cultural spaces which themselves have been transnationalized after Yugoslavia's disintegration

Comunicación corta. Efecto del periodo de post-maduración sobre la germinación de semillas y crecimiento de plántulas en tres especies de festuca

After-ripening is a complex enzymatic and biochemical process resulting in the breakage of non-deep physiological dormancy. The experiment was set up to identify the minimum duration of storage after harvest for completion of afterripening in meadow (Festuca pratensis Huds.), tall (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). The seeds were stored under ware-house conditions for 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 days after harvest (DAH). After the storage periods, the seeds were tested for germination and the primary root length, shoot length and seedlings biomass were measured. The final counts in all three species amounted to 60-65% germination immediately after harvest, suggesting a medium level of embryonic dormancy. The after-ripening during storage improved the final germination in all three species with decreasing intensity. In meadow fescue, the final germination was significantly improved up to 150 DAH, while the seedling size did not change significantly. In tall and red fescue, after ripening significantly improved the final germination up to 120 DAH, while the seedling size variables reached maximum values after 150 DAH. The obtained data can serve for the determination of proper storage duration management between harvest and sowing (autumn/spring) of the tested fescue species under agro-ecological conditions of south-eastern Europe.La post-maduración es un proceso enzimático y bioquímico complejo que resulta en la rotura de la latencia fisiológicapoco profunda. El experimento se estableció para identificar el tiempo mínimo de almacenamiento después dela cosecha para la terminación de la post-maduración en festuca de prados (Festuca pratensis Huds.), festuca alta (Festucaarundinacea Schreb.) y festuca roja (Festuca rubra L.). Las semillas se almacenaron durante 0, 30, 60, 90, 120,150, 180, 210 y 240 días después de la cosecha (DAH). Después de los períodos de almacenamiento, se analizó la germinaciónde las semillas y se midieron la longitud de la raíz primaria, la longitud del vástago y la biomasa de las plántulas.Las tres especies tuvieron 60-65% de germinación inmediatamente después de la cosecha, lo que indica un nivelmedio de latencia de embriones. La post-maduración durante el almacenamiento mejoró la germinación final enlas tres especies, con una intensidad decreciente. En F. pratensis la germinación final aumentó considerablemente hasta150 DAH, mientras que el tamaño de plántulas no cambió significativamente. En F. arundinacea y F. rubra la postmaduraciónmejoró significativamente la germinación final hasta 120 DAH, mientras que el tamaño de las plántulasalcanzó valores máximos después de 150 DAH. Los datos obtenidos pueden servir para una gestión adecuada de laduración de almacenamiento entre la cosecha y la siembra (otoño/primavera) de las especies de festuca examinadasen las condiciones agro-ecológicas del sudeste de Europa

Water quality as an indicator of local residents’ attitudes towards tourism development: A case study of settlements along Veliki Bački Kanal, Vojvodina, Serbia

Veliki Bački Kanal (VBK) is a very important waterway in Serbia and part of the Danube-Tisza-Danube hydro-system. VBK runs through the central part of Bačka, connecting the rivers of Danube and Tisza, and as such possesses high unused tourism potential. In order to develop tourism in this region, local residents’ attitudes are being investigated in relation to the use of VBK for recreational and tourism purposes. The data obtained are analyzed in the statistical program SPSS. The sample comprised 500 respondents in ten settlements. In order to use a particular water surface for recreation and tourism development, it is necessary to have water of adequate quality. Water quality of watercourses is determined on the basis of the water quality index (WQI), a qualification system for describing water quality of surface waters. The research results showed that along the entire course of VBK, there are sections which are clean and entirely suitable for tourism development and sections which are completely degraded. Local residents have positive attitudes towards tourism development of VBK, in particular towards rural and ecotourism development. The results obtained offer an opportunity to determine guidelines which can influence tourism development in these and similar areas

Water quality as an indicator of local residents’ attitudes towards tourism development: A case study of settlements along Veliki Bački Kanal, Vojvodina, Serbia

Veliki Bački Kanal (VBK) is a very important waterway in Serbia and part of the Danube-Tisza-Danube hydro-system. VBK runs through the central part of Bačka, connecting the rivers of Danube and Tisza, and as such possesses high unused tourism potential. In order to develop tourism in this region, local residents’ attitudes are being investigated in relation to the use of VBK for recreational and tourism purposes. The data obtained are analyzed in the statistical program SPSS. The sample comprised 500 respondents in ten settlements. In order to use a particular water surface for recreation and tourism development, it is necessary to have water of adequate quality. Water quality of watercourses is determined on the basis of the water quality index (WQI), a qualification system for describing water quality of surface waters. The research results showed that along the entire course of VBK, there are sections which are clean and entirely suitable for tourism development and sections which are completely degraded. Local residents have positive attitudes towards tourism development of VBK, in particular towards rural and ecotourism development. The results obtained offer an opportunity to determine guidelines which can influence tourism development in these and similar areas

Modified Importance–Performance Analysis for Evaluating Tourism Businesses Strategies: Comparison of Slovenia and Serbia

A modified nine-quadrant importance–performance analysis is employed to assess the importance which Slovenian and Serbian tourism industry stakeholders attach to 48 nominated strategic activities to promote business and destination competitiveness. An important finding is that respondents in each country allocated the bulk of activities to the ‘keep up the good work’ strategy. In both destinations, this strategy was dominated by activities related to product development and innovation. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the identified priority activities require close examination to determine their ‘enabling conditions’ and the implications of an action based on them

Achieving destination competitiveness: an importance–performance analysis of Serbia

As a relatively new and under-researched tourism destination, Serbia provides an interesting context to assess destination competitiveness in conditions of global environmental changes and the additional challenges of transition from a socialist economy to a market-based economy. This article uses importance–performance analysis (IPA) to assess the importance of different activities to underpin tourism development in Serbia, as well as the industry's perceived performance in respect of these activities. There are a number of areas in which Serbian tourism industry considers itself to be underperforming in the implementation of activities to maintain destination competitiveness. This article analyses these results in detail using IPA as a diagnostic tool. Particular attention is paid to investigating the implications of the findings for both destination managers and private tourism operators in Serbia that can assist them to develop a focused action agenda to achieve and maintain destination competitive advantage. The approach can be used in other destinations to assess tourism ability to meet the challenges of global trends

Effects of exogenous donor of nitric oxide - Sodium nitroprusside on energy production of rat reticulocytes

The effects of the sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor clinically used in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies on the energy production of rat reticulocytes were investigated. Rat reticulocyte-rich red blood cell suspensions were aerobically incubated without (control) or in the presence of different concentrations of SNP (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mM). SNP decreased total and coupled, but increased uncoupled oxygen consumption. This was accompanied by the stimulation of glycolysis, as measured by increased glucose consumption and lactate accumulation. Levels of all glycolytic intermediates indicate stimulation of hexokinase-phosphofructo kinase (HK-PFK), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities in the presence of SNP. Due to the decrease of coupled oxygen consumption in the presence of SNP, ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation was significantly diminished. Simultaneous increase of glycolytic ATP production was not enough to provide constant ATP production. In addition, SNP significantly decreased ATP level, which was accompanied with increased ADP and AMP levels. However, the level of total adenine nucleotides was significantly lower, which was the consequence of increased catabolism of adenine nucleotides (increased hypoxanthine level). ATP/ADP ratio and adenylate energy charge level were significantly decreased. In conclusion, SNP induced inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, stimulation of glycolysis, but depletion of total energy production in rat reticulocytes. These alterations were accompanied with instability of energy status.nul