CAPITALIZING OF THE SANDY SOILS FROM SOUTHERN OLTENIA THROUGH CULTIVATION OF NEW VARIETIES OF TRITICALE

The knowledge the biological particularities of the plant and response of new varieties developed to environmental conditions, is an important prerequisite for the starting promote a certain species of plants in the structure of crops from a given area. In this regard, triticale crop is a requirement of the current agriculture, which consists in exploitation of less productive areas for wheat and maize, areas affected by drought and poor in nutrients as it is the sandy soils. Research results obtained from 10 triticale varieties, studied during 2013-2015 under the conditions of the sandy soil to CCDCPN Dabuleni emphasizes the realization of production in the range of 3497 to 4129.3 kg / ha. Were evidenced by production of more than 4000 kg / ha, to the Oda and Rotric genotypes, which have registered the thousand grain weight (TGW) of 45.75 to 47.55 g. In triticale production quality, namely the percentage of protein and gluten, it was influenced by both the variety and the climatic conditions of the year. Were observed at values higher of the protein content registered in 2013, which was a dry year, compared with that obtained in 201

THE RADICULAR AND FOLIAR FERTILIZATION INFLUENCE UPON GRAINS YIELD TO COWPEA

Due to the low content of organic matter, high content of coarse sand and clay very low reserves of the sandy soils micro elements are very small and rapidly depleting under irrigation conditions. To mitigate the negative impact that these soil deficient qualities have on soil plants were carried out research on the implications extraroot and radicular fertilization on yield of cowpea, specific plant sandy soils. The results obtained, highlight the role of foliar fertilization with Green Plant products, which are composed of NPK + microelements, in achieving production increases of 21-56%, compared to foliar unfertilized. The highest production of cowpea (2757 kg / ha) was recorded by foliar fertilization with Green Plant, which is composed N15P45K15 + 6 microelements on the N60P60K60 agrofond

TRITICALE, ALTERNATIVE PLANT TO WHEAT CROPS ON SANDY SOILS IN ROMANIA

The recent climate changes have determined agricultural drought in the sandy soils with negative implications on plant growth and development. In this context during 2009-2011 were experienced in RDCFCSS Dabuleni every 12 genotypes of wheat and triticale in purpose recommendation a straw cereals in crop rotations on sandy soils. The results obtained show that triticale manifest better tolerance to drought, recording higher values of bound water with 0.64% and 0.55% of cellular juice concentration compared to wheat.Mean standard deviation, obtained production in wheat varieties (σ = 371 kg / ha) and triticale (σ = 130 kg / ha) emphasizes best stability in the behavior of triticale varieties.Compared with wheat, triticale has registered an increase in production of 1033.9 kg / ha and a profit rate of between 25.03 to 52.59% ,(profit rate of wheat genotypes was between -9.72% and 19.5%)

VARIABILITY OF GENETIC RESOURCES OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) STUDIED IN THE SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS FROM ROMANIA

In order to achieve an efficient system of agriculture in sandy soils of southern Romania and promote sustainable agriculture, must be found that species of plants that are more easily to thermal-hydr conditions in this areas. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), is one of the plants which recover very well the specific climatic conditions of the area psamo-pelitic soils in southern Romania, being a plant resistant to drought, with reduced requirements to soil fertility.The results obtained during the 2009-2015 from Development Research Center for Plants Crops on Sands, Dabuleni, Romania, concerning the behavior of 144 genotypes of cowpea, revealed variability of the species, in terms of morphology and plant productivity. Of the 144 genotypes studied, 38% allow selection for obtaining varieties of cowpea for grains, 26% allow for selection of genotypes of cowpea for feed, and 36% allow selection of obtaining genotypes for green manure. Grain yield obtained from cowpea was negatively correlated with rainfall

RESEARCH ON THEEVALUATION OFQUALITYCHARACTERISTICSIN SOME SORGHUM GENOTYPES UNDER THE CONDITIONSSANDY SOILSFROM SOUTHERNOLTENIA

The present paper aims at the behavior of some sorghum genotypes in terms of adaptability to the climatic conditions specific to the sandy soils areas in southern Oltenia, manifested during the testing of the production capacity and its quality.The quality of grains at  sorghum specie   is strongly influenced by the genotype, the technology of culture and climatic conditions during the experimentation period.The best results were obtained from the hybrids: Es Mousson (75.6 kg / hl hectolitric mass, 31.5 g  mass of one thousand grains, 7.4% moisture, 20.5% protein, 10.8% fats), Elan (74.8 kg / hl hectolitric mass, 28.8 g  weight of one thousand grains (WTG), 5.2% moisture, 19.2% protein, 8.9% fats) and Es Alize (72.4 kg / hl hectolitric mass, 23.9 mass of one thousand grains, 7.8% moisture, 18.3% protein, 8.4% fats). The highest yields were obtained from hybrids Es Shamal (9646kg / ha) and Es Foehn (9421kg / ha)

RESULTS ON THE INFLUENCE SPACE NUTRITION ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SWEET POTATO PLANT UNDER SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Microclimate created in the psamo-pelitic soils in southern Oltenia, offers great conditions for growth and development of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) which is a thermophilic plant specific tropical and subtropical areas. The results obtained during 2013-2015 from Dabuleni, Development Research Center for Plants Crops on Sands, emphasizes productions between 19221 -21634 kg / ha, depending on the size space nutrition and variety cultivated. Those two factors in the study have significantly influenced the conduct from plant physiological processes. The highest value from plant photosynthesis rate (28.81 micromoles CO2 / m2 / s) was recorded at 11 am, at a density of 40,000 plants / ha, when sweet potato plant has lost through sweating about 5.69 millimoles H2O / m2 / s

Sweet potato, a perspective crop for the sandy soil area in Romania

Due to the low natural fertility and climatic conditions characterized by excessive heat and insufficient precipitation, the sandy soils area in southern Oltenia can be characterized as a disadvantaged agricultural area, with farmers having a small variety of crops to ensure the exploitation of the soil in profitable conditions. In the context of climate change, in order to obtain high, safe and stable productions, it is necessary to choose the range of species and plant varieties with high adaptability to the climatic and soil conditions, in this context, Research-Development Station for Plants Culture on Sands Dăbuleni conducting research on the adaptability and profitability of sweet potato culture. Considering that in the tropical and subtropical regions completely replace the potato, F.A.O. mentions sweet potatoes on the 7th place in the world among agricultural crops. Currently, this culture is less known in Romania. With the increase in the import of vegetables, the interest of Romanian consumers for this species of tropical origin has increased. Taking into account these considerations, the researches aimed at establishing the technology of sweet potato cultivation on sandy soils and the biological and biochemical peculiarities of this species. The obtained results were similar to those in the literature, the differences being due to the studied genotypes and to the climatic conditions of the crop year. It is a drought resistant species with vigorous growth and high productivity (20-40 t / ha). Sweet potato is a species of perspective for Romanian vegetable growing, with special nutritional qualities and economically profitable

Utilization of the thermohydric stress in the psamosols area in Southern Oltenia through the cowpea culture

The area of psamosols in southern Oltenia is characterized by thermohydraulic stress, accentuated by the thermal resources recorded and by the poor hydrophysical properties of the soil. Higher capitalization of these lands has been an important concern both in the world and in our country, and the choice of plant species with increased drought resistance and low water consumption is a measure to counteract the negative effects of the drought. The humidity analysis of a psamosol, on the 0-125 cm profile, indicates a momentary supply of reduced water and a water deficit compared to the field capacity of -34.4 ... -65.5 m3 / ha. In order to obtain economic results on these soils, it is necessary to cultivate low-water plants, such as a cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) that consumes about 4160 m3 / ha, compared to soybeans that have almost double consumption. The results obtained in 4 genotypes of cowpea highlight the daily average values of the plant's foliar sweating, in the blooming phase, ranging between 4.05 -5.23 mmol H2O / m2 / s, which correlated negatively with the level of grain production

Results on bioenergetic potential of some sweet sorghum hybrids cultivated under psamosols conditions in Southern Oltenia

Sorghum bicolor L. Moench is a herbaceous annual C4-type plant, with a high ecological plasticity because it can be grown in tropical, subtropical, temperate and semi-arid regions, harnessing soils with reduced natural fertility, from the category of sandy soils. Studies on 5 sweet sorghum hybrids studied under psamosols in southern Oltenia highlight a bioenergy potential in the milk-wax phase of the grain, ranging from 60847.4-89338.65 Mcal / ha, with a maximum in the hybrid Shaşm 2, which achieved a distinctly significant difference in production, compared to the average production of hybrids. The results recorded in sugar sorghum production were positively correlated, significantly distinct with leaf index determined during the flowering of the plants (r = 0.9854**)