Variability and heredity of some qualitative and quantitative grapevine characteristics

Variability and mode of heredity of some important qualitative and quantitative grapevine characteristics in 45 seedlings of F-1 generation obtained from crossing combination Seedling 113 x Muscat Hamburg were investigated in this study. The seedlings of F-1 generation for the investigated characteristics were arranged in certain number of categories by the OIV method. As variability indexes, standard deviation (S) and coefficient of variation (V) were used. Evaluation of the mode of heredity was done by chi(2) test and t-test. Considering examined characteristics, the highest variability showed grape yield (V=58.9%), and the lowest sugar content in must (V=16.3%). Color of berry skin, cluster resistance to Botrytis cinerea and leaf resistance to Plasmopara viticola showed monogenic mode of heredity. Exception from the monogenic mode of heredity was determined for the flavor of berry. Grape yield, bunch weight and berry weight showed negative heterosis. For the sugar content in must, domination of the parent with low sugar content in must was determined

Long-term graft occlusion in aortobifemoral position

Background/Aim. Aortobifemoral (AFF) bypass is still the most common surgical procedure used in treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease. One of the most common complications of AFF bypass procedure is long-term graft occlusion. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of long-term graft occlusion in AFF position, as well as the results of early treatment of this complication. Methods. This retrospective study, performed at the Clinic of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia in Belgrade, involved 100 patients treated for long-term occlusion of bifurcated Dacron graft which was ensued at least one year after the primary surgical procedure. Results. The most common cause of the longterm graft occlusion was the process at the level of distal anastomosis or below it (Z = 3.8, p = 0.0001). End-to-end type of proximal anastomosis has been associated with a significantly increased rate of long-term graft occlusion (Z = 2.2, p = 0.0278). Five different procedures were used for the treatment of long-term graft occlusion: thrombectomy and distal anastomosis patch plasty (46% of the cases); thrombectomy and elongation (26% of the cases); thrombectomy and femoropopliteal bypass (24% of the cases); crossover bypass (2% of the cases) and a new AFF bypass (2% of the cases). The primary early graft patency was 87%. All 13 early occlusions occurred after the thrombectomy associated with patch plasty of distal anastomosis. Thrombectomy with distal anastomosis patch plasty showed a statistically highest percentage of failures in comparison to thrombectomy with graft elongation, or thrombectomy with femoro-popliteal bypass (Z = 2 984, p = 0.0028). Redo procedures were performed in all the cases of early occlusions. In a 30-day follow-up period after the secondary surgery, 90 (90%) patients had their limbs saved, and above knee amputation was made in 10 (10%) patients. Conclusion. Long-term AFF bypass patency can be obtained by proximal end-to-end anastomosis on the juxtarenal part of aorta and distal anastomosis on the bifurcation of the common femoral, or on the deep femoral artery. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 175008

Prenošenje otpornosti prema sclerotinia iz divljeg u gajeni suncokret - ocena divljih vrsta suncokreta

Accessions of H. mollis, H. maximiliani, H. rigidus and H. tuberosus were screened for resistance to Sclerotinia, during the two-year period (2001-2002). Artificial inoculation methods were used for that purpose. In the first year, only a stem resistance to Sclerotinia infection was observed, while in the second year, heads and stems of tested plants were infected by mycelia and sclerotia of this pathogen. Some differences in the response to mycelium and sclerotia infection within the same species were observed, as well as, differences in the response to sclerotial stem infection in different years. The H. mollis accession 1298 was found to be of a special interest for breeding as it was resistant to both head and stem infections with sclerotia.Populacije H. mollis, H. maximiliani, H. rigidus i H. tuberosus su testirane na otpornost prema Sclerotinia, tokom dvogodišnjeg perioda, upotrebom metoda veštačke inokulacije. U prvoj godini ispitivana je samo otpornost prema infekciji stabla sklerocijama, dok su u drugoj godini glave i stabla testiranih biljaka zaražavane i micelijom i sklerocijama ovog patogena. Tokom ispitivanja su uočene razlike u reakciji na infekciju micelijom i sklerocijama u okviru iste vrste, kao i razlike u reakciji na zaražavanje sklerocijama u različitim godinama. Populacija 1298 H. mollis se pokazala interesantnom za oplemenjivanje, pošto je bila otporna i na infekciju glave i na infekciju stabla sklerocijama

Use of oxalic acid for screening intact sunflower plants for resistance to Sclerotinia in vitro

Three sunflower inbred lines differing in resistance to Sclerotinia were grown on nutritive medium supplemented with different concentrations of oxalic acid. After two weeks of culture, plant height, fresh and dry weight of above-ground part, length of first pair of leaves, root length, and fresh and dry weight of root were measured. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA and LSD test. Out of the tested parameters, plant height and root length were found to be the most reliable indicators of plant resistance/susceptibility to Sclerotinia. Based on the data obtained, oxalic acid concentrations of 4 mM, 3 mM and 2 mM were chosen for further work in which test would be done on a larger number of genotypes

Micropropagation of Helianthus maximiliani (Schrader) by shoot apex culture

H. maximiliani was micropropagated using culture of shoot apices on modified Murashige and Skoog medium (DV). Further propagation of in vitro grown plants was done by culture of their nodal segments and shoot tips on the same medium supplemented with phloridzin, silver nitrate and casein hydrolysate (DV'). Rooting was induced by dipping the explants into IBA solution prior culture. Viable protoplasts (90%) were isolated from leaf mesophyll. These protoplasts divided (18%) in culture in agarose droplets

Dialelna analiza osobina ploda kod lubenica

Current demands of consumers and thus producers are important when targeting watermelon breeding programs, especially in programs aimed at improvement of fruit traits. A complete diallel set has been investigated for breeding values of six watermelon lines, via general and specific combining ability, relationships between general and specific combining ability, heritability and heterosis for fruit size, rind thickness, soluble solids and fruit shape. The lines P2 and P4 were good general combiners for fruit size. These lines also had high values of specific combining ability in direct and reciprocal crosses. The lines with negative general combining ability for fruit size (P1 and P5) can be used in breeding for small fruits (4-6 kg), good taste (high sugar content), desired rind thickness, desired fruit form and high fruit ratio. Relationships between general and specific combining ability indicated that the additive effect played an important role in the expression of fruit weight, rind thickness and sugar content, while fruit shape was inherited incompletely dominantly.Pozitivne vrednosti GCA za krupnoću ploda su imali dva roditelja, P2 i P4, koji se mogu koristiti kako u direktnim tako i u recipročnim ukrštanjima, za stvaranje hibrida veće krupnoće. Visoko negativne vrednosti GCA su imali P1 i P5, te se ove linije mogu koristiti za stvaranje hibrida manje krupnoće ploda (od 4-6 kg), dobrog ukusa (9,8 %SS), željene debljine kore, odgovarajućeg oblika i visokog randmana ploda. GCA/SCA odnosom ustanovljeno je da aditivni efekat ima važnu ulogu u ekspresiji mase ploda, debljine kore i %SS. Ova istraživanja ukazuju da je za stvaranje hibrida lubenica, zavisno od postavljenog modela, neophodno korišćenje divergentnih linija za ispitivane osobine ploda, a posebno za masu (veličinu) ploda

Variability between helianfhus tuberosus accessions collected in the USA and Montenegro

Morphological variability between accessions of H. tuberosus collected in Montenegro and the USA was investigated as well as possible effect of long- term cultivation or its absence and growing in different environmental conditions on morphological traits of this species. Results obtained showed that there is a large similarity between some populations collected in Montenegro and those collected in the USA. This, along with the presence of a great cluster formed exclusively from Montenegrin populations, supports the hypothesis that there were two ways of introduction of H. tuberosus to Montenegro. In a group of populations, the changes in morphology were found, probably due to absence of cultivation

Prenošenje otpornosti prema Sclerotinia iz divljeg u gajeni suncokret - kombinovanje konvencionalnih i laboratorijskih tehnika

Five populations of each H. molis, H. maximiliani, H. rigidus and H. tuberosus were screened for resistance to stem form of Sclerotinia. On the basis of the results obtained by screening, nine crosses of resistant populations with either other wild species populations or with cultivated sunflower were made. As in some crosses a small quantity of seed was produced and the seeds germinated poorly, modified tissue culture methods were used to enhance germination and produce clones of interesting plants. These methods were found to be efficient both for seed germination and plant production and multiplication.Testirano je po pet populacija H. molis, H. maximiliani, H. rigidus i H. tuberosus na otpornost prema Sclerotinia stabla. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata izvršeno je devet ukrštanja otpornih populacija sa drugim divljim vrstama ili gajenim suncokretom. Kako je u nekim slučajevima dobijena mala količina semena koja su slabo klijala, korišćene su modifikovane metode kulture tkiva da bi se povećala klijavost i proizveli klonovi interesantnih biljaka. Ove metode su se pokazale efikasnima i za naklijavanje semena i za proizvodnju i umnožavanje biljaka

Anther culture of sunflower cultivars

Anthers of six sunflower cultivars in the stage of uninucleate microspores were placed on six different culture media. Media were supplemented with basic MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) macro and micro salts, 30 g l-1 sucrose, 0.3% gelrite, pH 5.7, while composition of vitamins varied. Two media were supplemented with 1 mg l-1 AgNO3, and other two with 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (Zhong et al. 1995). Media were supplemented either with 2.2 mg l-1 BAP and 0.01 mg l –1 NAA or with 0.5 mg l-1 each of BAP and NAA. Anthers were cultured in the dark at 30oC. In contrast to PVP, silver nitrate was found to have a positive effect on intensity of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of sunflower anthers

Testiranje regeneracione sposobnosti protoplasta izolovanih iz različitih genotipova gajenog suncokreta

Protoplasts isolated from different genotypes of cultivated sunflower differ in their ability to divide and regenerate in culture. Since plant regeneration is ultimate goal of protoplast culture and since regeneration ability in vitro conditions of cultivated sunflower is limited to only a small number of genotypes, it is desirable to test genotypes for their regeneration capacity before their introduction into the experiment. 16 genotypes of cultivated sunflower were tested for their regeneration ability. Protoplasts, isolated from hypocotyls of 5-days old plants, were put in culture in agarose droplets Percentage of divisions after 7,14 and 21 days of culture, as well as intensity of callusogenesis were determined. Obtained results were analyzed by variance analysis. Significant difference in division percentage was observed as early as in 7th day of culture. Difference in intensity of callus genesis could be observed in fourth week of culture. Inbred line CMSi-50A was found the best for division percentage as well as for intensity of callusogenesis.Proloplasti izolovani iz različitih genotipova gajenog suncokreta se razlikuju u svojoj sposobnosti da se dele i regenerišu u kulturi. Kako je regeneracija biljaka krajnji cilj kulture protoplasta i kako je sposobnost regeneracije u in vitro uslovima kod gajenog suncokreta ograničena na samo mali broj genotipova, poželjno je testirati genotipove u pogledu njihove regeneracione sposobnosti pre uključivanja u eksperiment. 16 genotipova gajenog suncokreta je testirano u pogledu njihove regeneracione sposobnosti. Protoplasti, izolovani iz hipokotila 5 dana starih biljaka, su stavljeni u kulturu u kapljicama agaroze. Određivanje procenat deoba nakon 7, 14 i 21 dan starosti kulture, kao i intenzitet kalusogeneze. Dobijem rezultati su obrađeni analizom varijanse. Značajna razlika u procentu deoba između različitih genotipova je uočena već sedmog dana kulture. Razlika u intenzitetu kalusogeneze se mogla uočiti četvrte nedelje kulture. In bred linija CMS1-50A se pokazala najboljom kako u pogledu procenta deoba. lako i u pogledu intenziteta kalusogeneze