Verb Hybridization: An Interesting Aspect of the Spread of English in Pakistan

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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Like other South Asian countries, in Pakistan, too, English holds a unique position. On one hand the colonial background and the resultant prestige attached to English has played a significant role in determining the pivotal position of English in Pakistan; on the other hand the spread of English across the globe has further strengthened this position. One of the dimensions of the spread of English in Pakistan is the phenomenon of code mixing and the resultant language hybridization. The frequent mixing of English words, phrases, clauses, and sentences in Urdu not only shows the expansion of the vocabulary of Urdu in a specific dimension but also it indicates the spread of English in Pakistan. This linguistic phenomenon has very significant socio-cultural implications. Within this background the paper aims at exploring the process of language hybridization by focusing on the phenomenon of code mixing with specific reference to verb hybridization. The linguistic data for the research is taken from two TV programs: ‘News Night’ and ‘Pchaas Minute’. The paper focuses only on the linguistic analysis of code mixing of lexical items falling in the verb category i.e. hybridization in compound verbs and verb phrases; and presents the linguistic and sociolinguistic dimensions of the phenomenon. Hopefully the research will help in understanding the linguistic/ sociolinguistic change that is taking place in Pakistan with reference to the spread of English.</p

Language Hybridization and Code Mixing in Pakistani Talk Shows

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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} South Asia is a fertile field for research in language, especially in language change and variation and in this region Pakistan presents a complex linguistic picture where English holds a unique position. The colonial background, prestige attached to English, education policies during the last fifty years, and progress in the field of media and communication etc. have played a pivotal role in determining the role of English in this linguistic scene. Urdu, the national language of Pakistan, has gradually been replaced by English in many walks of life. English words, phrases, clauses, and sentences are frequently mixed in Urdu. Use of code switching and code mixing as linguistic strategies, has become a familiar and well-known phenomenon that is not merely linguistic rather is socio-cultural in nature. The reciprocal process of language desertion on one hand and adoption of foreign vocabulary items on the other hand in the recent decades, reflects the change in modes of thought and action in the whole society; and can be used as a measuring gauge for the socio-linguistic change in the area.Within this context the paper aims at exploring the process of language desertion and hybridization by focusing on the phenomenon of code mixing, particularly in electronic media. The linguistic data for the research is taken from a TV talk show ‘ Pchaas Minute’; the paper focuses only on the analysis of code mixing of lexical items falling in the noun category such as noun insertions, noun phrase insertions, and hybridization in nouns, and noun phrases etc. It is expected that the research will provide a useful insight into the nature and direction of linguistic/ sociolinguistic change in Pakistan.</p