Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability

Identification of Geological and Geomorphological Landforms in Thanjavur District Using Remote Sensing &amp; GIS

Abstract — In this Paper Abstract has been researched to study of Identification of Geological &amp; Geomorphological landforms in Thanjavur District using Remote Sensing &amp; GIS Techniques. The Cauvery Delta is located in Thanjavur District. It is one of the important rice bowl of Tamilnadu. The total area of Thanjavur District is about 3396.57 Sq.km. The eastern part of Thanjavur is connected with Bay of Bengal. This study is carried out by using IRSP6 LISS IV Satellite image and Toposheet 1:50000 Scale. From this, the thematic maps (Geomorphology, Geology, and Drainage) are created. The Geomorphological features like Flood Plain, Alluvial plain, Deltaic plain and Eolian plain were studied.Similarly the Geological features like Fluvio marine, alluvial-fluvial, sripermuputhur / Sivaganga formation, Nasal formations were analysed.In the same way, the drainage pattern of Thanjavur district is found and the pattern was Dichotomic Using ARC GIS. Keywords- IRS P6 LISS IV, ARC GI

Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary Editorial Board __________________________________________________________________________________________ ITEM-BASED COLLABORATIVE FILTERING RECOMMENDER SYSTEM

ABSTRACT: Recommendation algorithms are best known for their use on e-commerce Web sites, where they use input about a customer&apos;s interests to generate a list of recommended items. Many applications use only the items that customers purchase and explicitly rate to represent their interests, but they can also use other attributes, including items viewed, demographic data, subject interests, and favourite artists. Collaborative filtering is one of the most important technologies in electronic commerce. With the development of recommender systems, the magnitudes of users and items grow rapidly, resulted in the extreme sparsity of user rating data set. Traditional similarity measure methods work poor in this situation, make the quality of recommendation system decreased dramatically. Poor quality is one major challenge in collaborative filtering recommender systems. Sparsity of users&apos; ratings is the major reason causing the poor quality. To address these issues we have explored item-based collaborative filtering techniques. Item based techniques first analyze the user-item matrix to identify relationships between different items, and then use these relationships to indirectly compute recommendations for users. This approach predicts item ratings that users have not rated, and then uses Pearson correlation similarity measurement to find the target items&apos; neighbors, lastly produces the recommendations. The experiments are made on a common data set using different recommender algorithms. The results show that the proposed approach can improve the accuracy of the collaborative filtering recommender system

Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary Editorial Board CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH IN INDIA

ABSTRACT Climate change is a significant and emerging threat to public health security from extreme weather related disasters to wide spread to such vector borne diseases malarias and dengue .Impact of climate change on human health will not be even distributed around world. Climate change is bound to affect the basic requirements for maintaining health. India is a large developing country with highest mountains, density populated coastal areas, 700 million of her1 billion populations in rural areas directly depend up on climate sensitive sectors especially agriculture, forest and fisheries and natural resources for the livelihood. Heat wave, flood and draught cause health problems like malaria, malnutrition and diarrhea in India. The climate change may alter the distribution of important vector species and may increases the spread of diseases to new areas .malaria is one of the important climate change diseases that have been extensively studies in this study

Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary Editorial Board ROLE OF PMF IN UNDERSTANDING SOLVATION STRUCTURE OF ION PAIRS

ABSTRACT The PMF (potential of mean force) derived through the methods such as constrained MD simulations provide information about the solvation structure of ions and ion pairs that The observations are well supported by the average residence time calculated

Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary Editorial Board COLONIAL AND 21 ST CENTURY COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES PRESIDENTS: EFFECTS ON CURRENT ADMINISTRATION TRENDS

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper presidents in both public and private colleges and universities are now more accountable to stakeholders, government and the board of trustees than they were in the colonial era. This paper examined the role of colleges and universities presidents in the politically complex context of the colonial periods and the modern era of higher education. Furthermore, it identified traces of historical perceptions that may remain in today&apos;s educational settings. It was found that several legislative higher education acts helped increase student enrolment and the responsibility of higher education institutions administrators expanded. Administrative bureaucracies began to rise in the modern era and the universities and colleges became much more like a corporate business with wellstructured administrations. As administrative hierarchies and bureaucratic management developed, trustees became corporate directors responsible for institution maintenance and administrators became business managers. Modern era presidents&apos; salaries skyrocketed in the U.S. It was concluded that the modern president&apos;s job has evolved from a cleric to a pure scholar position whose responsibilities span the vast array of functions represented in today&apos;s contemporary universities. The roles of modern college administrators are not only centered on decision-making in developing long-term vision and communicating vision and goals to all stakeholders. Presidents in both public and private colleges and universities are now more accountable to stakeholders, government and the board of trustees. It was recommended that struggling colleges and universities could merge with other institutions that are either flourishing or struggling financially to form a viable institution. Standardizing colleges and universities high college presidents&apos; salaries would be an interesting topic for future research

Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary Editorial Board PANGS OF PARTITION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ICE CANDY MAN AND TRAIN TO PAKISTAN

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Editorial Board __________________________________________________________________________________________ ELECTRONIC CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (ECRM): BENEFITS AND TRENDS

ABSTRACT Electronic Customer Relationship Management (ECRM) refers to the marketing activities, tools and techniques delivered via the Internet which includes email, world wide web, chat rooms, e-forums, etc., with a specific aim to locate, build and improve long term customer relationships to enhance their individual potential. The Electronic Customer Relationship Management (ECRM) can include the etechnologies and new e-channels including mobile telephony, customer call and contact centre&apos;s and voice response systems. This implies that electronic relationship management (ECRM) using mobile marketing may indeed offer an effective way to reach, and build relationships with, demanding customers in rapidly changing markets. Another e-technology offering companies opportunities for managing customer interactions is voice response systems

Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary Editorial Board __________________________________________________________________________________________ EFFECT OF HYPO SLUDGE AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT WITH CEMENT IN MORTAR

ABSTRACT Hypo Sludge or paper mill sludge is a major economic and environmental problem for the paper and board industry. The material is a by-product of the deinking and re-pulping of paper. The million tonnes quantity of paper mill sludge produced in the world. The main recycling and disposal routes for paper sludge are land-spreading as agricultural fertilizer, producing paper sludge ash, or disposal to landfill, Hypo sludge is investigated for its use as a partial replacement for cement in Hypo Sludge for strength at 7 &amp;28 days as partial replacement with the cement in the cement mortar 1:3. So it can be used in non-structural elements in the low range compressive strength where strength is not required and low cost temporary structure is prepared