Finding Narrated, Unnarrated and Disnarrated in James Joyce’s “The Sisters”

“The Sisters” is the first story in the Dubliners, a collection of fifteen short stories by James Joyce, first published in 1914. Most of the stories in the collection are in descriptive style either by the characters in first person narration or by omniscient in third person speech. The descriptive narrative is incorporated with fewer dialogues selectively at some crucial event. Story, “The Sisters” is one of the most perfectly crafted narratives from the point of view of a young boy who is also the character. The narrative of the story deals with multiple issues of religion, relationships, belief, paralysis (an abnormal physical state denoting mental illness as well) death and freedom and choose to disnarrated many events to create a sense of suspense and illusion in the story. Unnarrated and disnarrated is one of the emerging new techniques in the field of narrative theory. These narrative tool are discussed in great detail by Gerald Prince an American academic and literary theoretician, in an brief essay published in first issue of Style in 1988 This paper will analyse these narrative techniques and their application in the text and their after effects to the new kind of meaning they provide to it

Integration of mental health into primary healthcare: Perceptions of stakeholders in Pakistan

Background: In Pakistan, there is high prevalence of mental health disorders, but mental health services to address these are not well developed. To provide effective mental health services, the World Health Organization emphasizes the integration of mental health into primary health care (PHC).Objectives: This study aimed to assess the views of key stakeholders about integration of mental health into PHC in Karachi, Pakistan.Methods: A qualitative, exploratory study was conducted between June and September 2013 among 15 decision-making (from the Department of Health) and implementation-level stakeholders (mental health and public health professionals and primary care staff) from both the public and private sectors. Face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were collected until theoretical saturation was achieved and conventional content analysis was carried out.Results: Although there was general support among all the stakeholders for integration of mental health services within PHC, there were also a number of reservations. First was the perceived lack of support within the system in terms of resource allocation and acceptance from the community. Second was the lack of human resources in the field of mental health. In addition, resistance at the PHC level is likely as staff are already burdened with other preventive care services.Conclusions: The study suggests that strong political commitment, adequate human and financial resources, and strong advocacy are needed for the integration of mental health into PHC in Pakistan

Psychosocial factors of deliberate self-harm in Afghanistan: A hospital based, matched case-control study

Background: Deliberate self-harm is not only a major global public health problem but also an important index of psychological distress and a risk factor for suicide.Aims: We aimed to determine the psychosocial risk factors for deliberate self-harm in patients aged ≥ 16 years presenting to tertiary care hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan.Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted from February 2015 to May 2015. We recruited 185 cases (patients with deliberate self-harm) and 555 age- and sex-matched controls (patients with general medical conditions) from 4 tertiary care hospitals in Kabul. We developed a questionnaire to record the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, history of domestic violence, drug abuse and details about the act of deliberate self-harm, including the methods used. To assess depression and anxiety, we used the WHO self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). Matched odds ratios with 95% confidence interval using conditional logistic regression were used to determine statistically significant associations between psychosocial factors and deliberate self-harm.Results: Family conflicts, domestic violence, interpersonal arguments and living in extended families were found to be significantly associated with deliberate self-harm.Conclusions: In Afghanistan, deliberate self-harm appears to be predominately related to interpersonal problems and family conflicts. About two-thirds of females and more than half of males scored positive for depression, yet none were receiving treatment for this. These findings have important policy implications for mental health and suicide prevention programmes in the country

OPERATIONALIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS BY KEEPING IN MIND THE DOMAINS OF TEACHER COMPETENCY FRAMEWORK: AN INVESTIGATORY APPROACH OF PUNJAB

Competency standards focus on using teachers' professional knowledge and abilities in the workplace. Each competence standard describes a teacher's competency in that domain. The three major aspects along with their sub categories   define instructor responsibilities and activities. These variables contribute to instructors' effectiveness with respect to get sustainability in teacher education. They're a random arrangement of instructional behaviours related to a single task, not a sequence that is further linked with SDGs that highlights the operationalization of SDGs in teacher education universities of Punjab. According to this framework, Teachers must excel in all three areas. Dimensions 1 and 2 are crucial to effective teaching and teacher-student interaction. 3 domain defines a successful teaching atmosphere by reflecting, innovating and transforming the current practices of teacher education programs for the sake of education leads to achieve sustainable development goals. The main aim of this paper was to investigate the Operationalization of Sustainable Development Concepts in Teacher Education Programs by keeping in mind the Domains of Teacher   Competency Framework (INTEI).  All public and private universities, offering teacher education in Punjab had been taken as a proposed population and scheme of studies of all teacher education programs were taken for the sake of content analysis through NVIVO 10 used for qualitative data analysis