The EU Migration Crisis in Terms of Asylum Applications Received: A Cluster Analysis over the Period 2015-2018

This research sets out the importance of studying the refugee crisis and the phenomenon of migration, the way refugees reach European territory and in which states they aim to settle. The first part of the article shows the evolution of illegal entries on the routes that refugees use to enter the European continent in the period between 2009-2018. The second part of the article aims to highlight the European States which were affected by the refugee crisis in light of the asylum requests submitted by the applicants for international protection in the EU between 2015-2018. Therefore, the analysis led to the classification of the European States into four clusters: (i) states with a high number of asylum applications; (ii) states with a medium to high number of asylum applications; (iii) states with a small to medium number of asylum applications; (iv) states with a small number of asylum applications. The objective of this classification is to identify the states that were affected by the refugee crisis

Pășunile împădurite din perspectiva politicilor silvice și agricole din România

A brief review of forest and agriculture policies in Romania addressing woodpastures. Although the term “wood-pasture” has been used in forest legislation only after 1990, recommendations regarding the management of wood vegetation on pastures were introduced in forest and agriculture technical regulations during the communist period. Since then, successive forest regulations have shown an increasing interest in preserving trees on wood-pastures both for economic and environmental reasons, while agriculture policies have recognized their importance for water and soil protection. Still, the presence of trees and bushes on agricultural land has been continuously interpreted as a sign of agricultural abandonment, thus their removal has been encouraged. The regulations have become more complex especially since 2007, with Romania’s accession to the European Union and the application of the Common Agricultural Policy, which conditions the granting of agricultural subsidies to strict agro-environmental rules

Deepening the economic integration in the Eastern Partnership: from a Free Trade Area to a Neighbourhood Economic Community?

Different forms of cooperation and regional integration, implying specific institutional agreements and instruments, have been developed in the last decades in the EU neighbourhood. The offer provided by the Eastern Partnership (EaP), which includes both economic and political objectives, has not proven attractive enough for the Eastern Neighbourhood. The region is currently divided between two global powers (EU and Russia) and two competing regional integration areas, the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area and the Eurasian Single Economic Space. The paper focuses on the main limits of the economic tools included in the EU’s current offer and proposes several directions for EaP’s reform

Constraints on Tourism Development Caused by the Road Network in the Apuseni Mountains

A well-developed road network constitutes an asset for tourism development in any given region. However, the presence of these roads is not in itself a guarantee of a high level of accessibility and connectivity to the tourism resources. For the Apuseni Mountains, these two features actually rely more on the viability of different road sectors. One can note malfunctions regarding the access to some sites in the analyzed region, malfunctions that have a deep negative effect on how resources are being capitalized in the study area. Another constraint that takes its toll on tourism development is the relatively limited possibility for exploiting the tourism resources in an integrated and efficient manner, by connecting them in thematic tourism routes. In most cases, the causes are not orographic barriers or the absence of connections, but rather the scarce viability of some of the existing road sectors. These observations make the case for the decisive role transport infrastructure is playing in the tourism development of regions and highlight the need of an integrated approach in tourism planning

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN AGRICULTURE IN THE APUSENI MOUNTAINS

Recent developments in agriculture in the Apuseni Mountains. In our study area, the recent developments in agriculture have followed two divergent courses: a reduction in the intensity of agricultural activities on the one hand and the concentration, amplifi cation and specialization of production on the other. The fi rst phenomenon, that is also the most widespread, was manifested in the decrease of land use and livestock. The demographic decline and ageing population is one determinant factor of this evolution, especially in a context in which subsistence agriculture is generalized in the entire mountain area. The intensifi cation of agricultural activity through orientation of production towards the market is the second identifi ed phenomenon. It had a lower impact so far and has mainly manifested in two different ways: through the development of agribusinesses (companies that concentrate and intensify production by increasing the size of farms) and through the small-scale producers that focus on organic farming and traditional agricultural products

Integrating the non-EU immigrants into the EU labour market. An econometric analysis of some of the specific factors

The article explores the impact of some specific barriers to the integration of non-EU immigrants on the European Union labour market, measuring the influence of age, level of education and investments on the employment rate of non-EU immigrants. The study is based on a mixed approach, combining a statistically descriptive analysis of the 2008-2018 European labour market trends (in terms of the non-EU immigrants’ employment rate) with an econometric evaluation, aiming to measure the influence of investments (in terms of % of Gross fixed capital formation in Gross Domestic Product), age of asylum seekers (in terms of % of total asylum seekers) and level of education of non – EU immigrants (in terms of % of total non – EU immigrants). The analysis highlights the fact that the highest impact of non-EU immigrants on the employment rate is found in the case of non-EU immigrants with age between 18-34 and 35-64 years and with a tertiary level of education. For the other categories of non-EU immigrants, with ages outside the aforementioned range and with a lower level of education, the challenges are even much greater, which indicates the importance of specific educational integration policies, focusing mainly on continuous education and training