Adolescent et agresseur sexuel : bilan d’une recherche

The purpose of this research project was to gain a better knowledge of juvenile sex offenders in the Montreal area. Do they present differences or similarities with other subjects from studies made in the United States? Can we improve our assessment techniques to better differentiate those who should be treated in a closed setting from those who could benefit from a follow-up in the community? And how does our juvenile justice system deal with this type of offender? In order to find answers to these issues, ten (10) in-depth interviews with personality measures were conducted with juveniles who admitted (or were convicted of) sexual abuse. Moreover, a study of fifty (50) files from the Social Services relating to the same kind of behavior was done in the Montreal area. Our results are similar to other studies made elsewhere : those who where convicted of rape or child molesting committed their first (official) offense at a mean age of 14.5 years and 60 % of their victims were females of an average age of 9. For 38 % of our sample, the sexual offense is part of an heterogenous criminal career. Our personnality measures failed to differentiate between child molesters and rapists. However, on the Jesness Inventory, our ten subjects had high scores on the SM (Social Maladjustment) scale, and on AI (Asocial Index). One other significant finding was that the personnel involved with assessment and treatment of juvenile sex offenders had to get a better knowledge of the dynamics involved with such offenses to record basic information (victim's age, the exact nature of the behavior and the type of violence involved) and recommend appropriate treatment

A brief haemophilia pain coping questionnaire

Development and psychometric assessment of a questionnaire measuring pain coping for people with haemophiliaPain coping strategies are important influences on outcomes among people with painful chronic conditions. The pain coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ) was reviously adapted for sickle cell disease and haemophilia, but those versions have 80 items, and a briefer version with similar psychometric properties would facilitate research on pain coping. The full-length haemophilia-adapted CSQ, plus measures of pain frequency and intensity, pain acceptance, pain readiness to change, and health-related quality of life were completed by 190 men with haemophilia. Items were selected for a 27-item short form, which was completed 6 months later by 129 (68%) participants. Factor structure, reliability and concurrent validity were the same in the long and short forms. For the short form, internal reliabilities of the three composite scales were 0.86 for negative thoughts, 0.80 for active coping and 0.76 for passive adherence. Test–retest reliabilities were 0.73 for negative thoughts, 0.70 for active coping and 0.64 for passive adherence. Negative thoughts were associated with less readiness to change, less acceptance of pain and more impaired health-related quality of life, whereas active coping was associated with greater readiness to change and more acceptance of pain. The short form is a convenient brief measure of pain coping with good psychometric properties, and could be used to extend research on pain coping in haemophilia

Dangerosité et pratique criminologique en milieu adulte

After a brief review of the criticism leveled at the definitions and use of dangerousness, this article examines how criminol-ogists work with it on a daily basis within the adult justice system.We first describe the important place it occupies in their practice, notably in their work of evaluating and treating the clientèle. Next we analyze the process by which criminologists effect the social reconstruction of their clients' dangerousness. To do this, we ascertain how criminologists categorize the clientèle as dangerous or not dangerous, and also show the influence of the practice on the process by which criminologists define dangerousness

Revue du processus de gestion de cas : la perspective criminologique

Le rapport fait suite à un mandat obtenu du Service correctionnel du Canada pour 1) produire une évaluation du processus de gestion de cas d’un point de vue théorique; 2) présenter une revue de la littérature et des recherches pertinentes. Après avoir analysé la cohérence interne de la stratégie correctionnelle, le rapport analyse les avantages et limites de la prédiction et propose une réflexion sur les relations qui peuvent être établies entre la prédiction actuarielle et le jugement clinique. La conclusion reprend l’analyse à la lumière d’une réalité bien spécifique : la diminution dans l’octroi de la libération conditionnelle.Service correctionnel du Canad

Une bactérie au pays des biopuces : étude du transcriptome de Salmonella dans des macrophages infectés

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The stress-responsive Hsp90 chaperone is required for the production of the genotoxin colibactin and the siderophore yersiniabactin by Escherichia coli

The genotoxin colibactin synthesized by Escherichia coli is a secondary metabolite belonging to the chemical family of hybrid polyketide/non-ribosomal peptide compounds. It is produced by a complex biosynthetic assembly line encoded by the pks pathogenicity island. The presence of this large cluster of genes in the E. coli genome is invariably associated with the High-Pathogenicity Island, encoding the siderophore yersiniabactin that belongs to the same chemical family as colibactin. The E. coli heat shock protein HtpG (Hsp90Ec) is the bacterial homolog of the eukaryotic molecular chaperone Hsp90 involved in the protection of cellular proteins against a variety of environmental stresses. In contrast to the eukaryotic Hsp90, the functions and client proteins of Hsp90Ec are poorly known. Here, we demonstrated that production of colibactin and yersiniabactin is abolished in the absence of Hsp90Ec We further characterized an interplay between the Hsp90Ec molecular chaperone and the ClpQ protease involved in colibactin and yersiniabactin synthesis. Finally, we demonstrated that Hsp90Ec is required for the full in vivo virulence of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli This is the first report highlighting the role of heat shock protein Hps90Ec in the production of two secondary metabolites involved in E. coli virulence

A test of the multiquadric technique of interpolation with an application to fluid speeds in a river (Ontario)

Hardy\u27s (1971) technique of interpolation was tested using fluid speed data from Big Otter Creek, a gravel bed stream, in South-Western Ontario. Fourteen cross-sections were selected from a 500 m-long reach of the river. Each cross-section was divided into 10 verticals. Fluid speed was sampled as different positions in these verticals starting at 0.025 m off the channel bed using an electromagnetic current metre. Bed roughness at each cross-section was determined by collecting samples of the bed material and by measuring the long, intermediate and short axes of particles at the 10 verticals. To test the multiquadric technique of interpolation, known fluid speeds from the collected data sets were systematically and randomly removed from the cross-section and plan views. These new, smaller data sets were then used as input for a series of computer programs which generated a multiquadric surface. The interpolated fluid speeds were compared against the know fluid speeds to determine the magnitude of the errors. The results show that the largest error values occurred in the near bed region and in areas with steep velocity gradients. Of the two types of analyses, cross-section and plan view, the plan view had the largest errors. No difference in error magnitude or location was identified between the random and systematic analyses