4,705 research outputs found
Altruism and Voluntary Provision of Public Goods.
We study how people's predisposition towards altruism, as measured by tools developed by psychologists, affects their behaviour in a voluntary contributions public good environment. Earlier experiments provide evidence against the strong free rider hypothesis; however, contributions to the public good decrease with repetition. We investigate whether a high level of contributions can be sustained in groups of subjects who have been pre-selected on the basis of their altruistic inclinations. In the first stage of the experiment, each subject responds to a psychology questionnaire that measures various dimensions of one's personality. The subjects are then matched in groups according to their altruism scores, and engage in a voluntary contribution game. We consider whether the levels and dynamics of group contributions differ significantly between the groups with altruists and non-altruists. We find that subjects' altruism has a weak but positive effect on group behaviour in the public good game.PUBLIC OWNERSHIP ; BEHAVIOUR ; GAMES
Dynamical Decoupling in Optical Fibers: Preserving Polarization Qubits from Birefringent Dephasing
One of the major challenges in quantum computation has been to preserve the
coherence of a quantum system against dephasing effects of the environment. The
information stored in photon polarization, for example, is quickly lost due to
such dephasing, and it is crucial to preserve the input states when one tries
to transmit quantum information encoded in the photons through a communication
channel. We propose a dynamical decoupling sequence to protect photonic qubits
from dephasing by integrating wave plates into optical fiber at prescribed
locations. We simulate random birefringent noise along realistic lengths of
optical fiber and study preservation of polarization qubits through such fibers
enhanced with Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) dynamical decoupling. This
technique can maintain photonic qubit coherence at high fidelity, making a step
towards achieving scalable and useful quantum communication with photonic
qubits.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Comprehensive Evidence-Based Program Teaching Self-Management of Auditory Hallucinations on Inpatient Psychiatric Units
Patients hearing command hallucinations to harm whose only self-management strategies are to obey these commands, can represent serious safety concerns on inpatient psychiatric units. A comprehensive evidence-based program teaching self-management of auditory hallucinations on inpatient psychiatric units is described that includes five components: suggestions for staff education; patient self-assessment tools; an interview guide and safety protocol; a course to teach strategies for managing distressing voices and commands to harm; suggestions to improve staff communication; and a plan to extend the program from inpatient care settings into the community by sharing materials with community case managers and caregivers when patients are discharged
Towards photostatistics from photon-number discriminating detectors
We study the properties of a photodetector that has a number-resolving
capability. In the absence of dark counts, due to its finite quantum
efficiency, photodetection with such a detector can only eliminate the
possibility that the incident field corresponds to a number of photons less
than the detected photon number. We show that such a {\em non-photon}
number-discriminating detector, however, provides a useful tool in the
reconstruction of the photon number distribution of the incident field even in
the presence of dark counts.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Quantum Clock Synchronization Based on Shared Prior Entanglement
We demonstrate that two spatially separated parties (Alice and Bob) can
utilize shared prior quantum entanglement, and classical communications, to
establish a synchronized pair of atomic clocks. In contrast to classical
synchronization schemes, the accuracy of our protocol is independent of Alice
or Bob's knowledge of their relative locations or of the properties of the
intervening medium.Comment: 4 page
On the Squeezed Number States and their Phase Space Representations
We compute the photon number distribution, the Q distribution function and
the wave functions in the momentum and position representation for a single
mode squeezed number state using generating functions which allow to obtain any
matrix element in the squeezed number state representation from the matrix
elements in the squeezed coherent state representation. For highly squeezed
number states we discuss the previously unnoted oscillations which appear in
the Q function. We also note that these oscillations can be related to the
photon-number distribution oscillations and to the momentum representation of
the wave function.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure
The Use of Open Communal Grazing Designs to Screen Options for Grazing Management
An open communal grazing design is described that enables a large number of grazing tactics to be concurrently evaluated in small plots under common grazing conditions. Pasture data indicated that the same level of utilisation occurred inside the experimental plots as in the surrounding field. However, differential grazing may occur where plots have divergent composition. The open communal design was economical using \u3c 5% of the land, livestock and fencing resources of alternative designs. The limitations of the open communal design as a research tool are also discussed
The Analysis of Results from Paired Paddock Comparisons
Paired-paddock comparisons are a common way of evaluating new grassland practices at a scale more relevant to farmers. They are also being used to replace or augment designed experiments and can be the only source of information available on a practice. However, it is often uncertain if the differences between paddocks are significant. Importantly, a current trend among funding organisations is to support paddock comparisons. The need for valid procedures to compare unreplicated treatments is increasingly urgent. It is suggested that a range of tools be used to infer statistical significance from using typical error values from related studies or subsampling, through to multivariate techniques to follow trends. Local ârules of thumbâ could be developed and data evaluated with calibrated models. A final judgement on treatment effects would need to be based upon the use of several criteria to achieve a âbalance of probabilitiesâ. Consideration of these problems suggests that paired-paddocks should only be used to evaluate contrasting treatments where large effects are expected and not small variations within a practice
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