Polarimetric Properties of Flux-Ropes and Sheared Arcades in Coronal Prominence Cavities

The coronal magnetic field is the primary driver of solar dynamic events. Linear and circular polarization signals of certain infrared coronal emission lines contain information about the magnetic field, and to access this information, either a forward or an inversion method must be used. We study three coronal magnetic configurations that are applicable to polar-crown filament cavities by doing forward calculations to produce synthetic polarization data. We analyze these forward data to determine the distinguishing characteristics of each model. We conclude that it is possible to distinguish between cylindrical flux ropes, spheromak flux ropes, and sheared arcades using coronal polarization measurements. If one of these models is found to be consistent with observational measurements, it will mean positive identification of the magnetic morphology that surrounds certain quiescent filaments, which will lead to a greater understanding of how they form and why they erupt.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, Solar Physics topical issue: Coronal Magnetis

Origins of the Ambient Solar Wind: Implications for Space Weather

The Sun's outer atmosphere is heated to temperatures of millions of degrees, and solar plasma flows out into interplanetary space at supersonic speeds. This paper reviews our current understanding of these interrelated problems: coronal heating and the acceleration of the ambient solar wind. We also discuss where the community stands in its ability to forecast how variations in the solar wind (i.e., fast and slow wind streams) impact the Earth. Although the last few decades have seen significant progress in observations and modeling, we still do not have a complete understanding of the relevant physical processes, nor do we have a quantitatively precise census of which coronal structures contribute to specific types of solar wind. Fast streams are known to be connected to the central regions of large coronal holes. Slow streams, however, appear to come from a wide range of sources, including streamers, pseudostreamers, coronal loops, active regions, and coronal hole boundaries. Complicating our understanding even more is the fact that processes such as turbulence, stream-stream interactions, and Coulomb collisions can make it difficult to unambiguously map a parcel measured at 1 AU back down to its coronal source. We also review recent progress -- in theoretical modeling, observational data analysis, and forecasting techniques that sit at the interface between data and theory -- that gives us hope that the above problems are indeed solvable.Comment: Accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews. Special issue connected with a 2016 ISSI workshop on "The Scientific Foundations of Space Weather." 44 pages, 9 figure

Inositol lipids and signalling in higher plants

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN010460 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Desempenho de novilhos em crescimento em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens suplementados com diferentes fontes energéticas no período da seca e transição seca-águas Development of growing steers on Brachiaria decumbens supplemented with different energy sources during the dry season and transition from dry to wet season

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar o efeito da suplementação, com diferentes fontes energéticas, sobre o desempenho de novilhos em crescimento e a viabilidade econômica da suplementação, bem como avaliar a disponibilidade e composição química da braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf), no período de julho a novembro, na região Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizados 42 novilhos da raça Nelore, distribuídos em três piquetes de 7,2 ha cada. As fontes energéticas utilizadas como suplementos foram: milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo (MDPS), farinha de mandioca de varredura (FMV) e casca do grão de soja (CGS). Todos os tratamentos continham farelo de algodão, para atingir 25% de PB, e foram fornecidos em nível de 1,3% do PV. As pesagens dos animais foram realizadas a cada 14 dias e a disponibilidade de forragem foi estimada a cada 28 dias. A disponibilidade média de forragem foi de 2.570 kg de MS/ha e 1.306 kg de lâmina foliar/ha. A proporção de lâmina foliar apresentou comportamento quadrático em função do período experimental, com valor mínimo de 46,58%, observado em agosto. Os teores médios de proteína bruta foram de: 4,45% para planta inteira; 5,30% para lâmina foliar e 2,83% para o colmo + bainha. Os teores médios de FDN e FDA foram, respectivamente, de 70,61% e 39,93% para a planta inteira; 65,76% e 34,91% para a lâmina foliar e 75,83% e 47,90% para o colmo + bainha. Entre os suplementos não houve diferença para ganho médio diário, apresentando média de 0,836 kg/animal/dia. O suplemento mais viável economicamente foi o que continha a farinha de mandioca de varredura, pois, além de apresentar menor custo, foi o que proporcionou maior ganho animal, mostrando melhor relação receita: custo.<br>The aim of this work was evaluate the effect of supplementation with different energetic sources, on growing steers performance and economical viability, and also evaluate the structure and chemical composition of Signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens) from July to November, on São Paulo state west region. Forty-two animals (Nelore) and three pastures of 7.2 ha each, were used. The energy sources used for supplements were: corn and cob with husks (CCH), cassava meal (CM) and soybean hulls (SH); each treatment had cottonseed meal to reach 25% of CP, and was given at 1.30% of BW. The animal weight was verified at each 14 days and forage characteristics were evaluated at each 28 days. The average availability of forage was 2570 kg DM/ha and 1306 kg leaves/ha. Leaves proportion showed a quadratic behavior in function of experimental period, with minimum value of 46.58 % observed in August. The average levels of CP were 4.45% for all plant, 5.30% for leaf e 2.83% for steam. The average levels of NDF and ADF were, respectively 70.61% and 39.93% for all plant, 65.76% and 34.91% for leaf, and 75.83% and 47.90% for steam. The supplements were not different on average daily gain, with average of 0.836 kg/animal/day. The supplement more economically viable was the cassava meal, which showed lesser coasts and bigger animal gain with better relation income:costs