First and second order magnetic and structural transitions in BaFe2(1−x)_{2(1-x)}Co2x_{2x}As2_{2}

We present here high resolution magnetization measurements on high-quality BaFe$_{2(1-x)}$Co$_{2x}$As$_{2}$, 0$\leq$x$\leq$0.046 as-grown single crystals. The results confirm the existence of a magnetic tricritical point in the ($x$,$T$) plane at x$^{m}_{tr}$$\approx$0.022 and reveal the emergence of the heat capacity anomaly associated with the onset of the structural transition at x$^{s}$$\approx$0.0064. We show that the samples with doping near x$^{m}_{tr}$ do not show superconductivity, but rather superconductivity emerges at a slightly higher cobalt doping, x$\approx$0.0315Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Sovereign Impunity: The Supreme Court of Georgia’s False Textualism Expands the Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity in the State

Until recently, sovereign immunity—the doctrine that protects state entities from suit without the State’s consent—had been held by the Supreme Court of Georgia not to apply to suits seeking solely injunctive relief to prevent the State, its departments, or agencies from acting illegally or outside the scope of their authority. This rule stemmed partly from the fact that a significant policy basis for sovereign immunity is the protection of taxpayer funds, but also was grounded on the principle that the State may not “cloak itself in the mantle of sovereign immunity” to prevent its citizens from holding the State accountable to its own laws. In a recent case, however, the Supreme Court of Georgia nullified this longstanding principle by overruling a previous decision recognizing and affirming it. The court’s decision to overrule the earlier case was based on a purportedly textualist analysis of a 1991 amendment to Georgia’s constitution reserving sovereign immunity to the State, its departments, and agencies, and granting the exclusive power to waive sovereign immunity to Georgia’s General Assembly. Textualism, an approach to statutory and constitutional interpretation, requires that courts interpret texts based on the ordinary meaning of the terms employed within their context. Georgia courts’ interpretation jurisprudence typically reflects textualist principles. Although the court examined the language in several portions of the constitution’s sovereign immunity provision, it neglected the meaning of the provision’s most significant phrase: “sovereign immunity” itself. The court failed to consider the constitutional language within its appropriate historical context, namely by refusing to examine the historical meaning of sovereign immunity as developed through decisions of the Georgia courts. This Article concludes that the court’s decision is unsupported by the textualist principles of constitutional interpretation that it espouses and by the Court’s own precedent on the interpretation of constitutional text

Academic Syndromes Revisited

This article describes a workshop designed for students and faculty that is based on Herman Blake\u27s research on Academic Syndromes of Minority Students. Blake presented the results of his research at the 1980 POD Conference and what he had to say then has even broader applications now. The workshop explores the roles of Ultimate Doom, Getting Over and Alienation in the lives of our students. The author suggests that this workshop could be an integral part of an effective retention effort for many schools

Using the GrassGro Decision Support Tool to Evaluate the Response in Grazing Systems to Pasture Legume or a Grass Cultivar With Improved Nutritive Value

Decision support tools (DST) based on models of grazing systems allow the evaluation of changes in enterprise management on productivity and profitability. The Grassgro DST (Moore et al., 1997) uses historical weather data on a daily time step to simulate pasture growth and the resultant productivity of either grazing sheep or cattle. Different pasture species are represented within a parameter set that describes the response of pasture species to their environment. Manipulation of these parameters provides a means of evaluating, a priori, the likely responses of livestock production to ‘improved cultivars’. We report the results of simulations conducted within grazing enterprises at three locations in southern Australia: a breeding ewe enterprise at Benalla; a wool-producing enterprise at Hamilton; and a beef breeding enterprise at Corryong

Using Cuticular Wax Alkanes and Computer Simulation to Estimate Diet Selection, Herbage Intake and Nutrient Cycling in Grazing Sheep

In grazing ewes, plant cuticular wax alkanes were used as markers to estimate diet selection, herbage intake, N intake and N excretion in faeces. Pasture and animal data were then used as inputs to the decision-support system GrazFeed, which simulates grazing and digestion to predict herbage intake, N intake and N excretion. Estimated and predicted intakes agreed closely, especially for N intake, and it is concluded that, subject to further investigation of the possibility that GrazFeed slightly under-estimated faecal N excretion, the close agreement between estimated and predicted OM and N intakes suggests that this combined use of alkane methods and simulation could provide a simple means of estimating the urinary return of N or other nutrients to pasture

Pair distribution functions calculated from interatomic potential models using the General Utility Lattice Program.

A new module has been developed for the widely used General Utility Lattice\ud Program (GULP). The phonon-based theory developed by Chung & Thorpe\ud [Phys. Rev. B (1999), 59, 4807–4812] to calculate pair distribution function\ud (PDF) peak widths has been utilized to give a selection of commonly used\ud correlation functions. A numerical library of neutron scattering information is\ud now available within GULP, and is used to produce results that can be\ud compared with neutron scattering experimental data. The influence of different\ud phonon modes on the PDF can be assessed by excluding modes above or below\ud a cut-off frequency. Results are presented for sample crystallographic systems,\ud MgO, SrTiO3 and -cristobalite, as well as CaxSr1xTiO3 at x = 0.5, which makes\ud use of the capability to handle partial occupancies to compare different Ca/Sr\ud ordering arrangements with a disordered model in which every Ca/Sr site has\ud 50% occupancy of both species