The prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability: a systematic review

Objective: ADHD commonly co-occurs with ASD without ID in young people. It has been difficult to obtain accurate prevalence estimates of ADHD in this population, as a dual-diagnosis was not permitted until DSM-V. We systematically reviewed the literature on the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in young people with ASD without ID. Method: 9,050 articles were identified through six databases. Articles were reviewed against inclusion and exclusion criteria and 23 studies were included. Results: ADHD symptom prevalence varied from 2.6% to 95.5%. We discuss these findings according to the ADHD assessment measure, informant, diagnostic criteria, risk of bias rating and recruitment pool. Conclusion: ADHD symptoms are common in young people with ASD without ID, but there is substantial variance in study reporting. Future studies should recruit participants from community sources, provide information on key sociodemographic sample characteristics and assess ADHD with standardized diagnostic criteria, using both parent/carer and teacher report

Aripiprazole in Tardive Dyskinesia: Is it a Safe Choice?

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a potentially irreversible drug-induced movement disorder associated with prolonged administration of antipsychotics. Conventionally, first generation antipsychotics were the agents thought to have a higher risk of TD as compared to second and third generation antipsychotics. Aripiprazole is a third generation antipsychotic with a novel mechanism of action, and until recently, cases of drug-induced movement disorders were less well known with it. But off late, several cases of TD with aripiprazole have been reported. We present here a case of middle-aged women with preexisting tardive movements, which exacerbated with aripiprazole use and reduced in frequency and intensity on withdrawal of the drug

Misdiagnosis of Wilson's disease in a patient with psychiatric symptoms

Therapeutic outcome of Wilson's disease significantly depends upon its early recognition. As Wilson's disease is a rare disorder with protean manifestations, its diagnosis and subsequent treatment are often delayed. We elaborate here the case of a young boy who had initially presented with psychiatrc symptoms suggestive of dissociative fugue followed by withdrawn behaviour and was treated by a psychiatrist with minimal response. This was associated with symptoms of tremors, hypersalivation, and slowness of movements. This case highlights the delay in diagnosing Wilson's disease when faced with the case of a young adult with psychiatric manifestations. It is extremely important for physicians, psychiatrists and health professionals at primary care level to recognize and diagnose this treatable disease at an early stage