A cautionary note: False homozygosity for BRCA2 6174delT mutation resulting from a single nucleotide polymorphism masking the wt allele

Sequencing an amplification product of the terminal segment of BRCA2 exon 11 showed apparent homozygosity for the 6174delT mutation in two healthy sisters. Subsequent sequencing of an alternate overlapping amplicon revealed the presence of the 5972C>T polymorphism, which is within the standard upstream amplification primer. This mismatch was responsible for the failure to amplify the normal (5972T) allele in both sisters who were heterozygous for the 6174delT mutation. Though the unexpected finding of apparent homozygosity for the 6174delT mutation prompted re-evaluation of the assay, the potential for false negative results due to masking of a mutation-bearing allele by such a circumstance should be a cautionary note for the testing and also in the interpretation of the results published under such assay conditions.Fil: Solano, Angela Rosario. Instituto Alexander Fleming; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Dourisboure, Ricardo J.. Instituto Alexander Fleming; ArgentinaFil: Weitzel, Jeffrey. City of Hope Cancer Center; Estados UnidosFil: Podesta, Ernesto Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentin

Analysis of the RET protooncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A and in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma: Clinical-pathological findings in asymptomatic carriers

El 25% de los carcinomas medulares de tiroides son hereditarios. Se presentan en forma de familiar (CMTF 5%) o como neoplasia endocrina múltiple (MEN) tipo 2A (17%) o 2B (3%), y comparten la herencia, autosómica dominante, de una mutación germinal en el protooncogen RET en uno de 12 codones conocidos. Estudiamos 7 familias (5 CMTF y 2 MEN 2A) con el objeto de detectar la mutación familiar e identificar a los portadores asintomáticos. Seis de las siete mutaciones (4 CMTF y 2 MEN 2A) fueron en el codón más frecuente, el 634, y una familia con CMTF presentó una mutación germinal novel: una transición T>C en el codón 630, resultando el cambio C630A. De los 57 individuos estudiados, 25 (43.85 %) fueron portadores de la mutación, 7 de éstos (28%) eran portadores asintomáticos de los cuales 5 eran niños, con una edad X–=11±3.2 años y fueron tiroidectomizados. Presentaron hiperplasia de células C y focos de microcarcinoma en ambos lóbulos tiroideos aun cuando la calcitonina basal o estimulada con pentagastrina fueron normales. En conclusión, describimos una mutación germinal novel en el protooncogen RET: C630A y el hallazgo de enfermedad de la célula C en los portadores asintomáticos, que enfatiza la importancia de la tiroidectomía profiláctica tan pronto como se confirma el diagnóstico molecular.Twenty five percent of the medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is hereditary and 5% is familiar (FMTC), or considered as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A (17%) or 2B (3%). These diseases are the result of the autosomic dominant inheritance of a mutation in the RET protooncogene, in one out of 12 different known codons. We analyzed 7 families (2 MEN 2A and 5 FMTC). Six mutations were detected in the most frequent codon, 634 (2 MEN 2A y 4 FMTC) and one family with FMTC presented a novel mutation: a transition T>C at codon 630, resulting a C630A change. Among 57 individuals studied, 25 (43.85%) presented the mutation. Seven (28%) were asymptomatic carriers, including 5 children aged 11±3.2 years. The children underwent total thyroidectomy. The histopathologic examination showed C cells hyperplasia and microcarcinoma focus in both lobes, even in the presence of normal, basal or pentagastrine stimulated, calcitonine levels. In conclusion, we describe a germline novel mutation in the RET protooncogene: C630A; and the corresponding findings of C-cell disease in gene mutated carriers that emphasize the importance of prophylactic thyroidectomy as soon as the molecular diagnosis is confirmed.Fil: Belli, Susana Haydee. Instituto Alexander Fleming; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos Durand; ArgentinaFil: Storani, María E.. Hospital de San Isidro; ArgentinaFil: Dourisboure, Ricardo J.. Hospital de San Isidro; ArgentinaFil: Podesta, Ernesto Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Solano, Angela Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentin

Microsatellite instability analysis in hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer using the Bethesda consensus panel of microsatellite markers in the absence of proband normal tissue

BACKGROUND: Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant syndrome predisposing to the early development of various cancers including those of colon, rectum, endometrium, ovarium, small bowel, stomach and urinary tract. HNPCC is caused by germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes, mostly hMSH2 or hMLH1. In this study, we report the analysis for genetic counseling of three first-degree relatives (the mother and two sisters) of a male who died of colorectal adenocarcinoma at the age of 23. The family fulfilled strict Amsterdam-I criteria (AC-I) with the presence of extracolonic tumors in the extended pedigree. We overcame the difficulty of having a proband post-mortem non-tumor tissue sample for MSI testing by studying the alleles carried by his progenitors. METHODS: Tumor MSI testing is described as initial screening in both primary and metastasis tumor tissue blocks, using the reference panel of 5 microsatellite markers standardized by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for the screening of HNPCC (BAT-25, BAT-26, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250). Subsequent mutation analysis of the hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes was performed. RESULTS: Three of five microsatellite markers (BAT-25, BAT-26 and D5S346) presented different alleles in the proband's tumor as compared to those inherited from his parents. The tumor was classified as high frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H). We identified in the HNPCC family a novel germline missense (c.1864C>A) mutation in exon 12 of hMSH2 gene, leading to a proline 622 to threonine (p.Pro622Thr) amino acid substitution. CONCLUSION: This approach allowed us to establish the tumor MSI status using the NCI recommended panel in the absence of proband's non-tumor tissue and before sequencing the obligate carrier. According to the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumors (InSiGHT) Database this is the first report of this mutation