Particle approximation of the intensity measures of a spatial branching point process arising in multi-target tracking

The aim of this paper is two-fold. First we analyze the sequence of intensity measures of a spatial branching point process arising in a multiple target tracking context. We study its stability properties, characterize its long time behavior and provide a series of weak Lipschitz type functional contraction inequalities. Second we design and analyze an original particle scheme to approximate numerically these intensity measures. Under appropriate regularity conditions, we obtain uniform and non asymptotic estimates and a functional central limit theorem. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first sharp theoretical results available for this class of spatial branching point processes.Comment: Revised version Technical report INRIA HAL-INRIA RR-723

Glomerular Basement Membrane Selective Permeability in Short-term Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

In diabetes, the glomerular basement membrane undergoes thickening and structural alterations with loss of glomerular permselectivity properties. However, the onset of the alterations at early phases of diabetes is unclear. Aiming to determine the functional and structural alterations of the glomerular wall in the early stages of diabetes, we have studied the distribution of endogenous circulating albumin and type IV collagen in the glomerular basement membrane, using the immunocytochemical approach. The streptozotocin-injected hyperglycemic rat was our animal model. Renal tissues were examined after 10 days, 2, 4 and 6 months of hyperglycemia. Upon immunogold labelings, changes in the glomerular permeability to endogenous albumin were found altered as early as upon ten days of hyperglycemia. In contrast, no structural modifications were detected at this time point. Indeed, glomerular basement membrane thickening and an altered type IV collagen labeling distribution were only observed after four months of hyperglycemia, suggesting that functional alterations take place early in diabetes prior to any structural modification. In order to evaluate the reversibility of the glomerular alterations, two-month-old diabetic animals were treated with insulin. These animals showed a significant restoring of their glomerular permselectivity. Our results suggest a link between glycemic levels and alteration of glomerular permeability in early stages of diabetes, probably through high levels of glycated serum proteins

On the Conditional Distributions of Spatial Point Processes

apport d e recherch

On the Conditional Distributions of Spatial Point Processes

We consider the problem of estimating a latent point process, given the realization of another point process on abstract measurable state spaces. First, we establish an expression of the conditional distribution of a latent Poisson point process given the observation process when the transformation from the latent process to the observed process includes displacement, thinning and augmentation with extra points. We present an original analysis based on a self-contained random measure theoretic approach combined with reversed Markov kernel techniques. This simplifies and complements previous derivations given in \cite{maler}, \cite{zuev}. Second, we show how to extend our analysis to the more complicated case where the latent point process is associated to triangular array sequences, yielding what seems to be the first results of this type for this class of spatial point processes

Enpp1: a potential facilitator of breast cancer bone metastasis.

Bone is the most common site of breast cancer metastasis and once established, it is frequently incurable. Critical to our ability to prevent and treat bone metastasis is the identification of the key factors mediating its establishment and understanding their biological function. To address this issue we previously carried out an in vivo selection process to isolate murine mammary tumor sublines possessing an enhanced ability to colonize the bone. A comparison of gene expression between parental cells and sublines by genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis revealed several potential mediators of bone metastasis, including the pyrophosphate-generating ectoenzyme Enpp1. By qRT-PCR and Western analysis we found that expression of Enpp1 was elevated in human breast cancer cell lines known to produce bone metastasis in animal models compared to non-metastatic and normal mammary epithelial cell lines. Further, in clinical specimens, levels of Enpp1 were significantly elevated in human primary breast tumors relative to normal mammary epithelium, with highest levels observed in breast-bone metastasis as determined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. To examine the potential role of Enpp1 in the development of bone metastasis, Enpp1 expression was stably increased in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and the ability to colonize the bone following intracardiac and direct intratibial injection of athymic nude mice was determined. By both routes of administration, increased expression of Enpp1 enhanced the ability of MDA-MB-231 cells to form tumors in the bone relative to cells expressing vector alone, as determined by digital radiography and histological analysis. Taken together, these data suggest a potential role for Enpp1 in the development of breast cancer bone metastasis

Enpp1: A Potential Facilitator of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis

10.1371/journal.pone.0066752PLoS ONE87e6675

Survival of Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated beyond the Second Line in the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Era

Background: The identification of activating mutations in specific genes led to the development of targeted therapies for NSCLC. TKI directed against EGFR-mutations were the first to prove their major efficacy. Medical associations recommend their use as first and second-line metastatic treatments in EGFR-mutated patients. Our objective was to analyze the survival of EGFR-mutated patients treated beyond the second line of treatment. Methods: We performed a longitudinal, retrospective and analytical study at APHP (Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris) Saint Louis, Paris, France, from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020 (11 years), on EGFR-mutated patients with metastatic NSCLC which received TKI or chemotherapy (CT) in third-line. Results: Out of about 107 EGFR-mutated patients, 31 patients who benefited from TKI or CT in the third line of treatment were retained for this study. The mean age was 60.03 ± 11.93 years and the sex ratio male/female was 0.24. Mutations of exon 19, 21 and 20 were found in 21 (67.7%), 7 (22.6%) and 7 (22.6%) patients, respectively. Third-line treatment was CT for 16 patients (51.6%) and TKI for the 15 remaining patients (48.4%). Osimertinib was the most used TKI in third-line (n = 10/15; 66.67%). The median duration of third-line treatment was 5.37 months (range 0.53–37.6) and the median follow-up duration was 40.83 months (range 11.33–88.57). There was a significant difference in PFS between patients treated with TKI and CT in third-line (p = 0.028). For patients treated with CT in second-line, there was a significant difference of PFS (p < 0.001) and OS (p = 0.014) in favor of the use of TKI in third-line. Conclusions: For patients receiving CT in second-line, TKI appears to be a better alternative in third-line compared to CT. Osimertinib may be used in third line treatment if not used before