Adapting Component Analysis

A main problem in machine learning is to predict the response variables of a test set given the training data and its corresponding response variables. A predictive model can perform satisfactorily only if the training data is an appropriate representative of the test data. This intuition is reflected in the assumption that the training data and the test data are drawn from the same underlying distribution. However, the assumption may not be correct in many applications for various reasons. For example, gathering training data from the test population might not be easily possible, due to its expense or rareness. Or, factors like time, place, weather, etc can cause the difference in the distributions. I propose a method based on kernel distribution embedding and Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criteria (HSIC) to address this problem. The proposed method explores a new representation of the data in a new feature space with two properties: (i) the distributions of the training and the test data sets are as close as possible in the new feature space, (ii) the important structural information of the data is preserved. The algorithm can reduce the dimensionality of the data while it preserves the aforementioned properties and therefore it can be seen as a dimensionality reduction method as well. Our method has a closed-form solution and the experimental results on various data sets show that it works well in practice.1 yea

The Comparative Study of Iranian and German Folk Stories (Case Study: Molla Nasreddin's Story and Grimm's Legends

. Introduction Stories and legends are like ships in the direction of the wind, moving east and west, north and south, traveling from one land to another, and sometimes changing from one form to another. The process of development and metamorphosis of these stories can usually be traced, despite their ups and downs. Among the most attractive examples of this type of story are those that have humorous content, and they have certainly played an important role in creating pleasure and entertainment for people in different nations. Since such stories were usually presented as anecdotes and in a short form, they could be passed on more quickly. One of the most famous comic characters in Iran is Molla Nasreddin, who has a long history among Iranians and other people. His popularity, presence, and influence are such that many instructive hints and answers are attributed to him and he is effectively represented in folk literature and Persian proverbs and sayings.The fact that stories have been used since ancient times as one of the best methods of education prompted us to look for similarities in the legends and stories of other peoples. Compare with domestic examples. Among the different countries, the German fairy tales collected by the Brothers Grimm seem to be more similar to the stories of Molla Nasreddin. In this article we will try to answer the question, what are the similarities and differences between the themes of the stories of Molla Nasreddin and the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm? 2.MethodologyThe method used in this research is descriptive-analytical. The data has been analyzed by content analysis technique and library documents have been used in it. The research approach in terms of comparative literature is based on the American school. 3.DiscussionFrom the distant past to the present, wise people have told stories and legends to guide others and teach them important life lessons. The problems that people faced on a daily basis required solutions, which were often found in stories. On the other hand, people's dreams and fantasies, and even unattainable desires could come true in stories and sweeten their palates, even if only for a short time. In the following article, we will review the summary of some stories of Molla Nasreddin and related stories in Grimm's Fairy Tales We will also .categorize and extract the salient features of the characters mentioned in the stories.We have selected 29 stories of Molla Nasreddin based on their similarities with the Brothers Grimm's fairy tales as examples for review. then we will compare the way of storytelling and their similarities and differences.In most of these stories, simplicity is the main characteristic of Molla Nasreddin. Moreover, the mullah can be seen as a simple and ignorant character who is often self-deprecating, but sometimes he appears so entitled and arrogant that this personality conflict makes the audience laugh. Sometimes he takes advantage of the experiences of others, and sometimes he is open to criticism with humility. All these traits are different characteristics of ordinary people, one of which is highlighted in each story to attract the audience's attention and make them correct their behavior.Most of the characters of the Brothers Grimm are naive, ignorant, and gullible. Some of them are the third brother or the third student and sometimes they are smaller and weaker than others. Resourcefulness and good-heartedness are positive qualities that connect the reader with the main character, and their cleverness at the last moment or their luck provides a happy ending in the stories. In some other stories, the main character is cunning and greedy and uses any means to achieve his wish. Here, however, contrary to Iranian stories, witches and wizards are present to help the hero in difficult times and save him from danger. After all, the German people also have common concerns and problems, and stories help them during the difficulties. 4.ConclusionFolklore consists of the language, behavior, way of thinking, and attitude of the members of the society reflected in their legends. The stories of Molla Nasreddin, with their humorous and wise aspects, have played a very important role in informing and sensitizing the people. The storytellers of Grimm's fairy tales have told stories to people by following the example of normal characters in society so that people can easily identify with them and find the way out of problems and succeed from the heart of the story.In Iranian culture, due to the belief in Islam and Islam's rejection of magic, humor was used instead of magic to portray popular culture and educate people, while in Germany, the tool of magic and legend was most commonly used to convey concepts and criticize the prevailing situation. Thus, the difference between these two cultures is the non-use of magic in Iranian stories.The similarities between these two collections lie more in the fact that a common person takes roles and positions in different stories, and this despite the naivety and stupidity and everyday events and sometimes laughter. Unexpectedly, he completes something and sees the consequences of his actions. The purpose of the stories is to condemn the bad qualities and traits in society and teach morality and lifestyle in a pleasant and effective way.In general, the mullah can be seen as a simple and ignorant character who is often self-deprecating, but sometimes he appears so self-righteous and arrogant that this personality conflict causes laughter among the audience. Sometimes he takes advantage of the experiences of others, and sometimes he is open to criticism with humility; but these behaviors do not last long, and they come across as stingy, greedy, selfish, and apologetic. The heroes of the Brothers Grimm's fairy tales are also naive, ignorant, and gullible. most of them are the third brother or the third disciple and sometimes they are smaller and weaker than others. Resourcefulness and good-heartedness are positive qualities that connect the reader with the main character, and their cleverness at the last moment or their luck provides a happy ending in the stories. In some other stories, the main character is cunning and greedy and uses any means to fulfill his desire.It can be concluded that the general culture of the two countries has many similarities and themes. Heroization of ordinary characters is the main theme of most of these stories. Sometimes the audience gets angry or laughs at the exaggerated naivety of the main character, but in the end, this method has a profound effect on the audience and teaches the audience many lessons during the story

Resveratrol Suppresses Cardiac Renin Angiotensin System in the Late Phase of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Background and objectives: Resveratrol(3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural polyphenole phytoalexin which exerts potential cardioprotective effects, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects are still unknown. Cardiac renin angiotensin system (RAS) over-activation plays an important role in pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) progression. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on the main components of RAS during early and late phase of myocardial hypertrophy. Methods: To consider the early and late phase of LVH, the rats were studied two and sixteen weeks after abdominal aorta banding without treatment (H2w and H16w groups, respectively) or with resveratrol (R) treatment. Intact animals served as control (Ctl). Arterial blood pressure was recorded by carotid cannulation. Angiotensin II (Ang II) level was measured using ELISA kit. Gene expression was evaluated by Real time RT-PCR technique. Cardiomyocyte size and fibrosis were assessed using haematoxylin/eosin and Masson trichrome staining, respectively Results: Results of this study showed that in H2w group AT1a mRNA level was increased significantly (pConclusion: Progression of LVH is accompanied by dynamic changes in RAS components expression in myocardial tissue. Resveratrol protects the heart against pressure overload-induced hypertrophy in part via RAS suppression

Somatic mutation analysis for the study of clonal evolution in cancer

Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology provides researchers an opportunity to study cancer genomes at different resolutions. In particular, detection and interpretation of the smallest somatic changes of the genome (single nucleotide variants) are now tractable at scale. However, significant challenges in the analysis of both bulk tumour and single cell sequencing methods remain to fully exploit the advance in technology development. Two emerging areas of applying sequencing technology to better ascertain properties of cancer evolution are (i) sequencing multiple tumour biopsies from the same patient, and (ii) single cell genome sequencing. Both of these advances represent computational challenges that I address through development of novel methods in this thesis. The first proposed method (Chapter 2) incorporates prior clonal information to improve the accuracy of detecting SNVs across the genome of multiple bulk tumour samples. The second proposed method (Chapter 3) is a statistical model that exploits the underlying phylogeny of individually sequenced cells to detect SNVs in every individual cell. The latter method identifies clone specific SNVs without the requirement of deconvolving the results from bulk sequencing data. The resultant accurate detection of SNVs (Chapter 4) helps enhance insight on the evolutionary process of tumours and genetic pathways. Together, the methods provide a toolbox for comprehensive profiling of SNVs for the study of tumour dynamics.Science, Faculty ofComputer Science, Department ofGraduat

Effect of early skin- to- skin contact of mother and newborn on mother’s satisfaction

Abstract Background and aimThe first minutes after birth are a very vulnerable period for both mother and newborn. The care that is provided during this time is critical to improve their longer-term health. Mother- infant Skin to skin contact immediately after birth creates an optimal environment for the adaptation of newborn infants to extra uterine life and   should be a routine method in hospitals. The Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of skin to skin contact between newborn and mother immediately after birth on mother’s satisfaction in Taleghani hospital in Arak on 2008–2009. Materials and methodsA randomized controlled trial was designed to study the effect of early skin –to- skin contact between mother and newborn. 80 pairs of newborns and their mothers who delivered in Taleghani hospital Arak, Iran were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to two groups (skin to skin contact and routine care). In skin-to-skin contact group, immediately after birth naked newborns were placed in prone position on skin contact with their mothers and in routine care group newborns were placed in cot under warmer. A questionnaire was used to assess mothers’ satisfaction. In the end of breastfeeding mothers’ satisfaction were assessed. Data were collected by a questionnaire, which included questions about the mothers’ satisfaction with the care they received during labor and their tendency to skin to skin contact in future. The validity of questionnaire was determined by content validity method and reliability was obtained by internal consistency (consistency coefficient 0.90). Data were analyzed by SPSS software.  FindingsA larger proportion of mothers in skin to skin contact group were very satisfied (70%) and satisfied (20%) with their care, and a larger proportion of mothers in routine care group were very unsatisfied (35%) and unsatisfied (35%).There was a significant difference between two groups in terms of their tendency for skin-to-skin contact in future. ConclusionSkin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn results in mother’s satisfaction. Keywords: Mother infant skin to skin contact, mother satisfaction

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Adult Patients in Mashhad, Iran

Introduction: Quality of life is defined as the sense of well-being and satisfaction with daily performances influenced by dental and oral conditions. Oral diseases are very common and have impacts on different aspects of individual's life and can change their performances. In other word, they can change the quality of life. The real impact of health and disease on daily performances is considered as Health-Related Quality of Life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of oral diseases on quality of life in patients referred to Mashhad Faculty of Dentistry and Jahad Dental Clinic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using non randomized sampling method. For this study, 500 patients referred to Mashhad Faculty of Dentistry and Jahad Dental Clinic with age >15 years were recruited. An educated interviewer asked the questions of the Persian version of OIDP questionnaire, which was valid and reliable for Iranian population. In this index the frequency and severity of each impact were recorded. Finally, each was attributed to specific oral conditions, as indicated by the respondents. The OIDP score is expressed as the sum of the different performance scores divided by the maximum possible score. Results: According to the results of this study, 84% of patients had negative impacts on their quality of life. Gender and job had significant associations with OIDP score. There was not any significant association between OIDP score and general health. The most and the least commonly affected daily performances were eating and going out, respectively. Conclusion: The most and the least effective oral diseases were toothache and tooth size and shape, respectively so the most treatment need is root canal therapy and tooth repair and to relieve pain