Spindle cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus with extension to the oral cavity

Spindle cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma characterized by elongated and pleomorphic epithelial cells that resemble a sarcoma. Due to its rareness, and histological resemblance to various sarcomas, the diagnosis of this neoplasia is challenging. Herein we present the case of an 82-year-old female with a polypoid, ulcerated, soft tissue mass located on the left side of the maxilla. The tomographic examination showed a hyperdense mass that infiltrated the orbital cavity, ethmoidal cells, middle and lower nasal concha, maxillary sinus, zygomatic arch, and mandibular ramus on the left side. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of spindle cells that were sarcomatous in appearance, with aberrant mitosis, along with a group of pleomorphic cells with a more epithelioid and hyperchromatic appearance on a stroma of densely vascularized fibrous tissue. The immunohistochemistry panel used to determine the lineage of the tumor rendered the diagnosis of SCC. The diagnosis of SCC is challenging to the pathologist since its morphology can resemble a sarcoma. Thus, immunohistochemistry is a valuable resource to support the diagnosis. We propose that SCC should be considered when examining a biphasic neoplasm with the aforementioned histological characteristics and markers

Evaluación de la enfermedad periodontal e hiperglucemia asociados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes del estado de Durango, México.

La diabetes mellitus es considerada un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. Este padecimiento afecta órganos y sistemas, incluyendo la cavidad oral; sin embargo, hay pocos informes en la literatura de los efectos de la diabetes mellitus en la cavidad bucal en la población del estado de Durango. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación de diversas enfermedades orales, el índice de masa corporal, así como el nivel de glucosa en sangre en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles para identifi car la prevalencia de las enfermedades orales en individuos con y sin diabetes mellitus. Los sujetos con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 o 2 se defi nieron como casos y aquellos con otras enfermedades fueron defi nidos como controles. El índice de masa corporal y la concentración de glucosa en sangre fueron evaluados en todos los sujetos. El análisis estadístico incluyó las pruebas chi cuadrada y promedio y desviación estándar de los datos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 312 personas, 38 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1, 79 con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y 195 sin diabetes mellitus. Diferencias signifi cativas fueron encontradas en individuos con DM2, que mostraron una mayor frecuencia de periodontitis, así como diferencias signifi cativas entre este tipo de diabetes y niveles elevados de glucosa en sangre. Además, la presencia de obesidad e hipertensión arterial en los sujetos con diabetes tipo 2 se mostró como un riesgo para el desarrollo de periodontitis. Conclusiones: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 puede ser un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad periodontal, y el estado de hiperglucemia aumentó el riesgo de padecer periodontitis cuando la obesidad y la hipertensión arterial estaban presentes en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Distribución de condiciones y lesiones de la mucosa bucal en pacientes adultos mexicanos Distribution for gender and age of oral mucosal alterations in adult patients

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la distribución de condiciones y lesiones de la mucosa bucal de pacientes que asistieron a las clínicas de admisión de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. El examen clínico lo realizaron 5 especialistas en Patología Bucal previamente calibrados. El total de pacientes examinados fue de 1 152 en un período de 9 meses: 754 mujeres (65,45 %) y 398 hombres (34,55 %), con un rango de edad entre 18 y 84 años (39 años como promedio). Se incluyeron en el estudio32 condiciones y lesiones; las definiciones operacionales se basaron en los criterios establecidos en la Guide to epidemiology and diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases and conditions de la OMS. Del total de pacientes, únicamente 18 (1,6 %) no presentaron ninguna alteración. Las lesiones más frecuentemente diagnosticadas fueron: lesión blanca friccional con 354 casos (30,72 %), úlceras traumáticas con 132 (11,45 %) y aumento tisular con causa aparente con 103 (11,28 %). Las condiciones más comunes fueron: melanosis racial con 694 casos (60,24 %), gránulos de Fordyce 634 (55,03 %) y lengua fisurada 428 (37,15 %). En este estudio encontramos que las condiciones y lesiones se incrementan con la edad observándolas entre la 3ra. y 5ta. décadas de la vida.<br>The aim of this study is to record prevalence of oral mucosal alterations in adult patients , who were attended in the clinics of the faculty of Odontology , National Autonomous University of México in México City. Clinical examination were made by specialists in Oral Pathology, this sample consisted in 1152 subjects reviewed in 9 months duration clinical trial; 754 patients were females (64.45%) and 398 males (34.55%) age range 18-84 yr. and a mean age of 39 yr ±15.12. We record 32 different diagnosis, 18 patients (1.6%) had any lesion. The more prevalent lesions were: White fricctional lesions 354 cases (30.72%), traumatic ulcer 132 (11.45%) and tissue growing as response to aparent cause 130 (11.28%). The more common condition were: Melanoplakia 694 cases (60.24%), Fordyce granules 634 (55.03%) and fissured tongue 428 (37.15%). Our findings are compared with data on the prevalence of intraoral lesions in different countries

Dose-Dependent Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles on Polycaprolactone Fibers against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

The adhesion ability and adaptability of bacteria, coupled with constant use of the same bactericides, have made the increase in the diversity of treatments against infections necessary. Nanotechnology has played an important role in the search for new ways to prevent and treat infections, including the use of metallic nanoparticles with antibacterial properties. In this study, we worked on the design of a composite of silver nanoparticles (AgNPS) embedded in poly-epsilon-caprolactone nanofibers and evaluated its antimicrobial properties against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms associated with drug-resistant infections. Polycaprolactone-silver composites (PCL-AgNPs) were prepared in two steps. The first step consisted in the reduction in situ of Ag+ ions using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution, and the second step involved the simple addition of polycaprolactone before electrospinning process. Antibacterial activity of PCL-AgNPs nanofibers against E. coli, S. mutans, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis was evaluated. Results showed sensibility of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa, but not for B. subtilis and S. mutans. This antimicrobial activity of PCL-AgNPs showed significant positive correlations associated with the dose-dependent effect. The antibacterial property of the PCL/Ag nanofibers might have high potential medical applications in drug-resistant infections

Antiadherence and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans on Brackets and Wires Used for Orthodontic Treatments

White spot lesions (WSLs) are very frequent alterations during orthodontic treatments causing demineralization of the dental enamel. Various dental treatments have been developed to prevent WSLs; the prevalence and incidence of these lesions remain significantly high. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated good inhibitory effects against several microorganisms, more studies about antiadherence activity on different orthodontic appliance surfaces are necessary. To determine the inhibitory effect and antiadherence activity of AgNPs on the adhesion of S. mutans on surfaces of brackets and wires for orthodontic therapies, two sizes of AgNPs were prepared and characterized. The evaluation of S. mutans adhesion was performed with microbiological assays on surfaces of brackets and orthodontic modules in triplicate. Topographic characteristics of orthodontic brackets and wires were made by scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. All AgNP samples inhibited S. mutans adhesion; however, the smaller AgNPs had better inhibition than the larger ones. The presence of the module influenced the adhesion of S. mutans but not in the activity of AgNPs. The AgNPs used in this study showed to have good antimicrobial and antiadherence properties against S. mutans bacteria determining its high potential use for the control of WSLs in orthodontic treatments

Antimicrobial Properties of Biofunctionalized Silver Nanoparticles on Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus mutans and Its Serotypes

(1) Background: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the principal pathogen involved in the formation of dental caries. Other systemic diseases have also been associated with specific S. mutans serotypes (c, e, f, and k). Silver nanoparticles (SNP) have been demonstrated to have good antibacterial effects against S. mutans; therefore, limited studies have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of biofunctionalized SNP on S. mutans serotypes. The purpose of this work was to prepare and characterize coated SNP using two different organic components and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of SNP in clinical isolates of S. mutans strains and serotypes; (2) Methods: SNP with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or chitosan (CS) coatings were prepared and the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of SNP were evaluated; (3) Results: Both types of coated SNP showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans bacteria and serotypes. Better inhibition was associated with smaller particles and BSA coatings; however, no significant differences were found between the different serotypes, indicating a similar sensitivity to the coated SNP; (4) Conclusion: This study concludes that BSA and CS coated SNP had good antimicrobial activity against S. mutans strains and the four serotypes, and this study suggest the widespread use of SNP as an antimicrobial agent for the inhibition of S. mutans bacteria