8 research outputs found

    Regions showing significant functional connectivity with the right hippocampal seed region.

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    <p>during first but not second and third presentation.</p><p><i>Note:</i> Only clusters evident during peak time point (TR 5) with a bootstrap ratio greater than ±5 (roughly equivalent to a <i>p</i>-value of &lt;.0001) and with a minimum extent of 20 voxels are shown here. BA = Brodmann area; BSR = Bootstrap ratio; L = left; R = right. <sup>†</sup>Cluster extends bilaterally.</p

    Results from functional connectivity analyses.

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    <p>(A) Location of the RHC seed (<i>xyz</i> 32 −16 −18). (B) Average brain scores indicating the strength of correlation between activity in the seed region and the associated whole brain network, with 95% confidence intervals for the <i>First</i>, <i>Second</i> and <i>Third</i> presentations (<i>p</i> = .05). (C) Regions which were significantly connected with the RHC seed during <i>First</i>, but not during <i>Second</i> and <i>Third</i> during TR 5, including: right frontopolar cortex (leftmost image), putamen, cerebellum and lingual gyrus (middle images), posterior cingulate cortex, thalamus and right medial frontal gyrus (rightmost image). These data are thresholded using a BSR of 5, which corresponds to <i>p</i>&lt;.0001.</p

    Regions evident in <i>Future</i>&gt;<i>Control</i> contrast analysis.

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    <p><i>Note:</i> All activations evident at a height threshold of <i>p<sub>FWE</sub></i> &lt;.05; for brevity, only those clusters with more than 100 voxels are reported. Only the maximal peak voxel of each cluster is reported. BA = Brodmann area; L = left; R = right; <sup>†</sup>Cluster extends bilaterally. <sup>*</sup>All regions in future&gt;control contrast were also evident in an <i>F</i>-test assessing the main effect of condition.</p

    The future event simulation paradigm.

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    <p>(A) Pre-scan session: Participants recalled memories and identified a unique person, location and object in each. (B) Scan session: Participants imagined future events containing the three recombined memory details, and subsequently rated these simulations for detail. Participants also completed control trials, during which three common nouns are incorporated in the sentence “X is bigger than Y is bigger than Z”, followed by a difficulty rating. Runs also contained fixation trials. The sequence of trials from a portion of an example run is also provided in the bottom panel of (B): Repetitions of any one future event were separated by a variable number of intervening trials (other future event trials, control trials and fixation trials).</p

    Regions evident in repetition contrast analyses.

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    <p><i>Note:</i> All activations evident at a height threshold of <i>P<sub>FWE</sub></i> &lt;.05; for brevity, only those clusters with more than 100 voxels are reported. Only the maximal peak voxel of each cluster is reported. BA = Brodmann area; L = left; R = right; <sup>„</sup>Cluster also exhibits a quadratic effect.<sup> †</sup>Cluster not evident in the interaction analysis (controlling for non-specific linear time-dependent effects). <sup>*</sup>Cluster not evident when controlling for reaction time. <sup>§ ∫</sup>Peak voxel for cluster is shifted to an adjacent voxel when controlling for time-dependent (<sup>§</sup>) and reaction time (<sup>∫</sup>) effects.</p

    Results from contrast analyses.

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    <p>(A) Regions from the interaction analysis in which fMRI signal decreased across repetitions for the future condition only: right hippocampus (<i>xyz</i> 22 −10 −14, top panel) and left inferior frontal gyrus (−36 28 −16, bottom panel), and associated percent signal change data for future and control conditions (First<i> =  First</i><sub>Future</sub> and <i>time1</i><sub>Control</sub> conditions; Second = <i>Second</i><sub>Future</sub>; Third =  <i>Third</i><sub>Future</sub> and <i>time2</i><sub>Control</sub> conditions). These regions were also evident in the contrast of <i>First</i>&gt;<i>Second&gt;Third</i> (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069596#pone-0069596-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>). (B) Regions from the interaction analysis in which fMRI signal increased across repetitions for the future condition only: right precuneus (14 −64 38, top panel) and left anterior prefrontal cortex (−30 52 20, bottom panel) with associated percent signal change data. These regions were also evident in the contrast of <i>Third</i>&gt;<i>Second&gt;First</i> (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069596#pone-0069596-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>). Activity is shown at <i>p<sub>uncorrected</sub></i> &lt;.0001 overlaid on a standard anatomical template; all peak activations survived a corrected threshold of <i>p<sub>FWE</sub></i> &lt;.05; see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069596#pone-0069596-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>. Note that error bars are not included as these plots are for descriptive purposes only <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069596#pone.0069596-Vul1" target="_blank">[54]</a>.</p

    Mean reaction times, detail ratings, and post-scan ratings of future events.

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    <p>Note: <sup>†</sup>Participant ratings made using a four-point rating scale, ranging from 0 (low) to 3 (high).</p

    NATIONAL STATEMENT OF SCIENCE INVESTMENT DRAFT: Response from Rutherford Discovery Fellowship recipients (2010-2013)

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    <p>This is a joint response written and co-signed by 97.5% of New Zealand’s Rutherford Discovery Fellows. We are a group of internationally recognised early- to mid-career researchers who have been selected for our innovative approaches to research across the sciences and the humanities. We work in diverse fields, spanning physical, engineering, information and communications technology, medical, molecular and environmental research through to social sciences, law and the humanities. We are based across a wide cross-section of New Zealand’s Universities and Crown Research Institutes (CRIs), and are engaged in basic, applied and near-to-market research. All of us have directly benefitted from the investments and changes that the Government has been making to the Science sector. As a result of the Rutherford Discovery Fellowship, we have chosen to return to, or to stay in, New Zealand.</p> <p> </p
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