Graduate employment prediction with bias

The failure of landing a job for college students could cause serious social consequences such as drunkenness and suicide. In addition to academic performance, unconscious biases can become one key obstacle for hunting jobs for graduating students. Thus, it is necessary to understand these unconscious biases so that we can help these students at an early stage with more personalized intervention. In this paper, we develop a framework, i.e., MAYA (Multi-mAjor emploYment stAtus) to predict students’ employment status while considering biases. The framework consists of four major components. Firstly, we solve the heterogeneity of student courses by embedding academic performance into a unified space. Then, we apply a generative adversarial network (GAN) to overcome the class imbalance problem. Thirdly, we adopt Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) with a novel dropout mechanism to comprehensively capture sequential information among semesters. Finally, we design a bias-based regularization to capture the job market biases. We conduct extensive experiments on a large-scale educational dataset and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our prediction framework. Copyright © 2020, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Feng Xia” is provided in this record*

Graduate Employment Prediction with Bias

The failure of landing a job for college students could cause serious social consequences such as drunkenness and suicide. In addition to academic performance, unconscious biases can become one key obstacle for hunting jobs for graduating students. Thus, it is necessary to understand these unconscious biases so that we can help these students at an early stage with more personalized intervention. In this paper, we develop a framework, i.e., MAYA (Multi-mAjor emploYment stAtus) to predict students' employment status while considering biases. The framework consists of four major components. Firstly, we solve the heterogeneity of student courses by embedding academic performance into a unified space. Then, we apply a generative adversarial network (GAN) to overcome the class imbalance problem. Thirdly, we adopt Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) with a novel dropout mechanism to comprehensively capture sequential information among semesters. Finally, we design a bias-based regularization to capture the job market biases. We conduct extensive experiments on a large-scale educational dataset and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our prediction framework

β-1,3-Glucan-Induced Host Phospholipase D Activation Is Involved in Aspergillus fumigatus Internalization into Type II Human Pneumocyte A549 Cells

The internalization of Aspergillus fumigatus into lung epithelial cells is a process that depends on host cell actin dynamics. The host membrane phosphatidylcholine cleavage driven by phospholipase D (PLD) is closely related to cellular actin dynamics. However, little is known about the impact of PLD on A. fumigatus internalization into lung epithelial cells. Here, we report that once germinated, A. fumigatus conidia were able to stimulate host PLD activity and internalize more efficiently in A549 cells without altering PLD expression. The internalization of A. fumigatus in A549 cells was suppressed by the downregulation of host cell PLD using chemical inhibitors or siRNA interference. The heat-killed swollen conidia, but not the resting conidia, were able to activate host PLD. Further, β-1,3-glucan, the core component of the conidial cell wall, stimulated host PLD activity. This PLD activation and conidia internalization were inhibited by anti-dectin-1 antibody. Indeed, dectin-1, a β-1,3-glucan receptor, was expressed in A549 cells, and its expression profile was not altered by conidial stimulation. Finally, host cell PLD1 and PLD2 accompanied A. fumigatus conidia during internalization. Our data indicate that host cell PLD activity induced by β-1,3-glucan on the surface of germinated conidia is important for the efficient internalization of A. fumigatus into A549 lung epithelial cells

Polyamine Oxidases Play Various Roles in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Polyamines not only play roles in plant growth and development, but also adapt to environmental stresses. Polyamines can be oxidized by copper-containing diamine oxidases (CuAOs) and flavin-containing polyamine oxidases (PAOs). Two types of PAOs exist in the plant kingdom; one type catalyzes the back conversion (BC-type) pathway and the other catalyzes the terminal catabolism (TC-type) pathway. The catabolic features and biological functions of plant PAOs have been investigated in various plants in the past years. In this review, we focus on the advance of PAO studies in rice, Arabidopsis, and tomato, and other plant species

Gender differences in the effects of perceived control on thermal response during summer

Perceived control is considered one of the influencing factors that affect the thermal satisfaction and comfort of indoor occupants. In order to explore the relationship between human gender in thermal response and perceived control and conduct in-depth research, field research was conducted on 1186 occupants in a college dormitory in Jiaozuo (the cold region of China). The perceived control vote was divided into four scales from “ no control ” to “ complete control ” . Through collation and analysis of the data obtained, we found that with improved perceived control, females ’ discomfort is significantly reduced, which is lower than males’. Therefore, there are significant gender differences in the impact of perceived control on the thermal response, which can be explained by individual differences in physiological regulation. Similarly, there are body type differences in perceived control. This research can provide support for the adaptive model and provide a new perspective for further research on individual differences in adaptive psychological adjustment

Reconfiguration of Gut Microbiota and Reprogramming of Liver Metabolism with Phycobiliproteins Bioactive Peptides to Rehabilitate Obese Rats

Phycobiliproteins (derived from Arthrospira platensis) bioactive peptide extracts (PPE) possess multiple pharmacological effects in the mitigation of human metabolic disorders. The role of PPE in the treatment of diet-induced obesity and the understanding of the underlying mechanism between the gut microbiome and metabolic blood circulation for obese patients remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that PPE attenuated obesity by reducing body weight, and ameliorated glucose and lipid indexes in serum. In particular, PPE is postulated to mitigate liver steatosis and insulin resistance. On the other hand, dietary treatment with PPE was found to “reconfigure” the gut microbiota in the way that the abundances were elevated for Akkermansia_muciniphila, beneficial Lactobacillus and Romboutsia, SCFA-producing species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospiraceae_bacterium, Clostridiales_bacterium, probiotics Clostridium sp., Enterococcus faecium, and Lactobacillus_johnsonii, while the abundance of Firmicutes was reduced and that of Bacteroidetes was increased to reverse the imbalance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Finally, the metabolomics of circulating serum using UHPLC-MS/MS illustrated that PPE supplementation indeed promoted lipid metabolism in obese rats. As summary, it was seen that PPE reprogrammed the cell metabolism to prevent the aggravation of obesity. Our findings strongly support that PPE can be regarded as a potential therapeutic dietary supplement for obesity

Anomalous upconversion luminescence of SrMoO₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ nanocrystals by high excited state energy transfer

The SrMoO₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized by sol-gel method. The upconversion luminescence properties of SrMoO₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ NCs were studied in contrast to the identical dopants in Y₂O₃ NCs under the same experimental conditions. The results demonstrate that the green emission intensity of the former is much stronger than that of the latter, while the red emission intensity is reverse. Interestingly, the green-to-red intensity ratio of SrMoO₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ NCs increases with the increase of Yb³⁺ concentration at fixed Er³⁺ concentration. The anomalous luminescence properties of SrMoO₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ NCs are attributed to the high excited state energy transfer (HESET) from the |²F₇/₂, ³T₂> state of the sensitizer Yb³⁺−MoO₄²⁻ dimer to the ⁴F₇/₂ level of the activator Er³⁺. The HESET process can partly decrease the lattice phonon quenching processes at lower energy levels of Er³⁺ and enhance the green emission dramatically.6 page(s

Behavioral Adaptation of Different Set Point Temperature Modes in Office Buildings with Split Air Conditioners

It was divided into different modes according to the level of set point temperature (SPT): SPT ≥ 26 °C and SPT < 26 °C. To study behavioral adaptation of different set point temperature modes in office buildings with split air conditioners, a summer field survey was conducted in Zhengzhou and Jiaozuo, China. The results showed that the clothing insulation in high SPT mode was primarily affected by age, whereas the clothing insulation in low SPT mode was influenced by age and indoor temperature. The clothing insulation in high SPT mode was significantly lower than that in low SPT mode, and the air velocity and air movement sensation of subjects in H mode were significantly higher than those in L mode. 1 °C rise in Top could lead to 0.026 m/s increase in air velocity in high SPT mode, but the air velocity in low SPT mode had no relationship with indoor temperature. People’s behavioral adaptation enthusiasm in high SPT mode was greater than that in low SPT mode. The energy consumption can be saved by about 14.8% after considering the adjustment of people’s clothing

Effect of indoor air temperature on thermal sensation with seasonal variation

In order to understand the changes in human thermal sensation in different seasons in cold regions. The data on skin temperature and indoor environmental parameters(of the head, back, chest, upper arm, forearm, hand, thigh, calf, and ankle)were obtained by field test and questionnaire survey in four seasons. The results showed that the parts which had the greatest influence on thermal sensation were different in different seasons. Spring forearms have the greatest most significant on overall thermal sensation. The palm has the greatest influence on the overall thermal sensation in summer. In autumn, the calf has the greatest influence on the overall thermal sensation. In winter, the back has the greatest influence on the overall thermal sensation. The local thermal sensation varies in different seasons under the influence of physiological and environmental factors, so careful consideration should be given to improving people’s thermal sensation in different seasons. In different seasons, affected by individual differences, the thermal comfort of the whole body is lower than that of all parts of the body. This study can provide a theoretical basis for people to obtain higher thermal sensations in different seasons